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Immune System (IS), Itzel Gonzalez, Period 6 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System (IS), Itzel Gonzalez, Period 6
Major Functions of Lymphatic System (LS)
network of vessels that assist in circulation of body fluids
lymphatic vessels
collect and carry away excess fluid
lacteals
interstitial spaces
special vessels
transport fats
help defend against disease
2 semi independent parts
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphoid tissues or organs
return clean fluids and leaked proteins back to blood
drain excess fluid from tissue
body defenses
resistance to disease
Anatomy of LS
Lymph Movement
moves by milking action
rhythmic contraction
same force that moves blood in veins
Lymph Nodules
compact masses of lymphatic tissues
tonsils
appendex
Peyer's patches
Lymphatic Organs
lymph nodes
contain
lymphocytes
macrophages
located along lymphatic vessels
bean shaped
spleen
found in
upper left abdominal cavity
body's largest lymphatic organ
contains blood
composed of
white pulp
red pulp
filters blood
removes damaged blood cells and bacteria
thymus
found between
sternum
above heart
secretes hormones called thymosins
regulates T lymphocyte development
Tonsils
3 masses
palatine tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils
lingual tonsils
lymphoid tissue around mouth and throat opening
Bone Marrow
site of blood cells
immature lymphocyte formation
B cell maturation
Lymphocytes
T Lymphocytes
AKA T cells
DIRECT DESTRUCTION
of virus invaded cells and mutant cells
cell-mediated immunity
B Lymphocytes
AKA B cell
SECERET ANTIBODIES
indirectly lead to foreign material destruction
involved in
humoral mediated immunity
made and developed in
bone marrow
thymus
Innate immune defenses
Species Resistance
species resistant to disease
that affect other species
Mechanical Barrier
1ST LINE OF DEFENSE
unbroken skin and mucous membrane
example
skin
hair
mucus
sweat
prevent entry of certain pathogens
Chemical Barriers
highly acidic
caustic environment
from gastric juice
or lysozym in tears
kill many pathogens
NK cells
defend against
viruses
cancer cells
Inflammation
tissue response to pathogens
characterized
redness
swelling
heat
pain
response
blood volume increase in affected area
invasion of white blood cells in affected area
blood clotting
dilation of blood
appearance of fibrobalsts
and production of sac around area
Phagocytosis
most active
neutrophils
monocytes
removes foreign particles from lymph
Fever
powerful protection against infection
interferes w/ proper conditions
promote bacterial growth
iron in blood reduces
fewer nutrients available
to support growth of pathogens
phagocytic cells attack w/ greater vigor
when temp. rises
protects against all antigens
defense system born with
Major Function of the IS
body's defense against infectious pathogens
Examples
bacteria
virus
parasites
fungusis
keeps pathogens out and attacks what doesn't enter body
3 types
innate
adaptive
passive
primary immune response
B or T cells active first time
secondary immune response
memory cells mount more rapid
long-lasting response
Immunity
Adaptive immunity
SPECIFIC
Natural
Passive (maternal)
Active(infection)
Artificial
Passive(antibody transfer)
active immunization)
Innate immunity
NON-SPECIFIC
Adaptive immune defense
AKA Immunity (acquired immunity)
3rd line of defense
response mounted by body
against SPECIFIC recognized foreign molecules
2 types
Humoral Immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
only found in vertebraes
consists of
antibodies
B cells produce anitbodies
lymphocytes
B cells
T cells
attacks non-self pathogens
can sometimes attack itself
Antigens
trigger immune response
complex molecule
a protein
Cytokines
signal cells
communicate w/ other cells
start immune response
Chemokines
released by infected cells
start immune response
Humoral Response
B cell may activate
and clone
helper T cell releases
cytokine activate B cells
to divide
form clones
some B cells become
plasma cells
produce and secrete
anitibodies
some B cell become
memory B cells
respond to future antigen encounters
AKA Antibody mediated immune
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens
proteins
trigger an immune response
entire or part of pathogen
larger molecule
more complex molecule
Antibodies
soluble protein
secreted by
plasma cells
carried by
body fluids
bind to antigens
5 major types
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
Complement fixation
complement proteins attach to antigen
Ex. bacteria
activates immunity
Opsonization
act as labels
to be identified by
immune cells for phagocytosis
Neutralizationn
block effects of poisons
produced by certain bacteria
can work as anttoxins
Agglutination
clump w/ antibodies to form blood clots
used for blood typing
Precipitation
antigen antibody complex
insoluble
less likely to spread
enlargens
Cellular Response
doesn't involve antibodies
activation of
phagocytes
antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell
release various cytokines
T cells interact directly w/ antigen bearing cells
antigen presenting cell
b cell
macrophage
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
macrophage displaying antigen
when antigen fits T cell antigen receptor
becomes activated
T cells synthesize and secrete
cytokines
enhances cellular response to antigens
Cytotoxic T cells(CD8)
monitor body cells
recognize and eliminate
tumor cells
virus-infected cells
cytokines activate cytotoxic T cell
then clone
bind to antigen bearing cells
Memory T cells
no-delay response
Cells involved in immune system
all cells white blood cells
Phagocytes
Neutrophils
ENGULF smaller particles
Monocytes
ATTACK larger particles
give rise to macrophages
Natural Killer (NK) Cells
defends body against
viruses
cancer cells
peroforins
secretes cytolytic substances
secrete chemicals
enhances inflammation
Lymphocytes
T cells
produced and processed in
thymus gland
participate in immune response
B cells
mature in bone marrow
produces antibodies
IS Disorders
Type 1 diabetes
attacks cells in pancreas
Rheumatoid Arthritis
causes swelling and deformities of joints
Lupus
attacks body tissues
includes
lungs
kidneys
skin
HIV
Human Immuno-deficiency virus
can be transmitted
unprotected sex
sharing unsterilized
needles
syringes
pregnancy
birth
breastfeeding
blood transfusion
symptoms
more than 10% body weight loss
chronic diarrhea
prolonged fever
1+ month cough
generalized skin rash
groups of blisters
swollen lymph glands
white curd patched
tongue
throat
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency
kills or impairs more and more cells
body loses ability to fight common infections
diagnosed when
white blood cell count 200cell/mm^3 or lower