Protein Synthesis

Step 1

Nucleus

Intial stage of protein synthesis. Gene makes a small strand of messenger MRNA, through the process of transcription.

Step 3: Ribosomes

Free Ribosomes: scattered through the cytoplasm, convert MRNA to protein, to be used throughout JUST the cell.

Fixed Ribosomes: Converts MNRA to protein, then sends to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Translation (cytoplasm)

Step 2

MRNA leaves the nucleus through paws in the membrane, attaching to Ribosomes.

Step 4:

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: proteins synthesised by fixed ribosomes are sent here. Here they are modified and then sent further to the Golgi apparatus.

Step 5:

Golgi apparatus

Proteins are further modified and packaged here in vesicles. There are 3 types of vesicles. Vesicles are then carried away, where one type of vesicle becomes a lysosome.

Step 6

Types of Vesicles / Plasma Membrane

Secretory Vesicle: fuses to membrane and empties contents into extracellular space.

Membrane Renewal Vesicle: add new proteins and (lipids) to plasma membrane.

Lysosome: engulf waste products and breaks them down