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Myocardial Infarction, Defination, Pathophysiology - Coggle Diagram
Myocardial Infarction
Nursing interventions
- Administer oxygen therapy to help prevent extension of the infarct.
- Give nitrates aa prescribed by the doctor to help dilate the coronary blood vessels and increase blood flow to the myocardium
- Administer IV analgesic as prescribed by the doctor for pain relief
- Encourage calcium intake to the diet of the patient to relieve the coronary artery spasm and increase blood flow to the myocardium or give calcium supplements
- Encourage rest to the patient as it helps facilitate healing and prevent extension of the infarct
Signs and symptoms
- Chest pain- associated with dyspnea, sweating , nausea and vomiting
- Shock- due to sudden drop in cardiac output which causes drop in blood pressure
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Diagnostic tests
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- Blood tests in particular electrolyte
- PTCA- this angioplasty a catheter with inflatable balloon is inserted into the affected artery guided by the x-ray camera. Where the balloon is inflated once the catheter is past the obstruction and the catheter is withdrawn removing the obstruction in the process.
- CABG- in this bypass graft veins are taken from the leg or internal mammary arteries and grafted on the coronary arteries to bypass the obstruction and reestablish blood flow
Nursing diagnosis
- Discomfort caused by chest pain, non verbal expression such as restlessness, clutching of the chest and diaphoresis
- Decreased cardiac output due to changed conduction of impulses secondary to necrosis evidenced by changes in heart rate, heart rhythm and blood pressure
- Anxiety caused by threat of death
Is also known as heart attack
It is a irreversible myocardial cell necrosis caused by prolonged ischemia
It is caused by imbalance in oxygen supply and demand which is often caused by plaque rupture with thrombus formation in a coronary vessel, resulting in an acute reduction of blood supply to a proportion of the myocardium. When 70% of the coronary artery is blocked the oxygen demand exceeds the oxygen supply.
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