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lithosphere 1 - Coggle Diagram
lithosphere 1
lithosphere 1 (2)
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-metamorphic processes:
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-different types: contacts, regional and burial
-recrystallization can happen when a sedimentary rock contacts a molten rock or when two tectonic plates collide creating extremes in temperature and pressure
-eg, limestone to marble, mudstone to slate
-sedimentary processes:
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-the deposition and cementation at the earth's surface and within bodies of water creates sedimentary rock and minerals
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-biological sediments:
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-marine shells to limestone, terrestrial plants to coal
-secondary enrichment:
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-this means that changes in oxygen chemicals minerals to precipitate out of solution and be deposited as their oxidation state changes
lithosphere 1
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-definitions:
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-ore mineral: rare structures that contain even higher amounts of minerals and are better suited to extraction processes
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-geological processes:
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-most involve the separation of mixtures and minerals to produce localised concentrations that are suitable for economical exploitation
-includes igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes
-igneous processes:
-processes of rock and mineral formation driven by the cooling and hardening of magma and molten lava
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lithosphere 1 (3)
-satellite imagery:
-eg, infrared spectroscopy
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-resistivity:
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-sedimentary rock contain water between the grains to they have a lower resistivity than igneous rocks that don't carry water
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-geochemical surveys:
-once localised drilling has been carried out and samples analysed a plan can be made that represents the area
-the plan shows all of the different concentrations of metal at different locations from the drilling
lithosphere 2
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-Lasky's principle:
-as the purity of the mineral decrease, the amount of the mineral present increases exponentially
-so the major problem with future mineral supplies is not the quantity that exists but the need to develop methods to economically exploit low grade ore deposits
-key terms:
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-resource: all of the mineral that is theoretically available for exploitation including the deposits that cannot be exploited now
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-ore purity:
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-the increase in the % of metal in the ore, the lower the costs as less material is needed to be extracted overall
-if purity is low then more rock will be mined, more waste produced, more energy required and more pollution generated
-extraction costs:
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-hydrology: the way water move through the site, as more impermeable rocks are present it will increase flood risk
-as depth increases as does cost as more rock need to be removed to ensure the sides do not collapse