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DURATION. - Coggle Diagram
DURATION.
Evaluation.
High external validity.
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Shepard 1967 found that long term memory is less effective when try to remember unmeaningful pictures.
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Meaningless stimuli.
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However, you could argue that this is a meaningful activity because we need to remember postcodes and phone numbers in real life.
Displacement.
In P's study they were counting numbers in their STM and this may displace or 'writeover' the syllables to be remembered.
Reitmen 1974 used auditory tones instead of numbers so ensure this would no happen as sounds do not interfere with verbal rehearsal meaning, displacement would not happen.
Nairne et al 1999 found that itmes could be recalled after as long as 96 second and supports Reitman - short term memory lasts longer than 18 seconds.
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Get worse?
Furthermore, Bahrick found that the accuracy of long-term memory was 90% after 14 years and 60% after 47 years. His research is unable to explain whether long-term memory becomes less accurate overtime because of a limited duration, or whether long-term memory simply gets worse with age. This is important because psychologists are unable to determine whether our long-term memory has an unlimited duration (like the multi-store model suggests), which is affected by other factors, such as getting old, or whether our long-term memory has a limited duration.
Sutdents issue
The psychology students may have encountered the multi-store model of memory previously and therefore may have demonstrated demand characteristics by changing their behaviour to assist the experimenter.
The memory of psychology students may be different to that of other people, especially if they had previously studied strategies for memory improvement. As a result we are unable to generalise the results of this study to non-psychology students.
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