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1A Science Chapter 1, 1A Science Chapter 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Which can bring about benefits and harmful effects
  - - - which is
        
        Derived from cycles of systematic observation, experimantion and analysis
        
        Derived from humans' imagination and creativity
        
        Subjects to change in light of new edvidence
      - through the
        
        Particles of science
        
        which involve
        
        Demonstrating ways of thinking and doing
        
        which are influenced by
        
        Values, ethics and attiudes
  - - - Which is the study of the natural phenomena in the world
      - An integral part of Science is being curious and asking questions
        
        Questions can be investigated by conduction an experiment
        
        Hypothesis
        
        A proposed explanation for an observation
        
        For practical exams, hypothesis should be 'correct'
        
        Observations
        
        Should be made from repeated experiments
        
        Variables
        
        Independent variable
        
        The ONLY variable changed that would affect the results of the experiment
        
        Dependent variable
        
        Variable that is measured
        
        MUST be measurable
        
        Controlled variables
        
        Variables kept the same
        
        Apparatus
        
        Stopwatch
        
        Electronic balance
        
        Measuring cylinder
        
        Displacement can
        
        Digital/Vernier calipers
        
        Jaws
        
        Used to measure the internal and external diameters of an object
        
        Tail
        
        Used to measure depth of an object
        
        SI units
        
        Volume = m3
        
        Mass = kg
        
        Time = s
        
        Length = m
        
        Temperature = k (Kelvin)
        
        Types of Errors
        
        Parallax error
        
        Reading a marking on an instrument from a wrong angle
        
        Liquids: meniscus (curved surface of the liquid)
        
        Viewing from a non-perpendicular angle
        
        Zero error
        
        An error in which an instrument gives a non-zero error reading when the measured quantity should be zero
        
        Positive and Negative
        
        Is a consistent error
        
        Data/Results
        
        Precise
        
        Readings are close to each other but not necessary close to the correct readings
        
        Accurate
        
        Close to the actual value
      - Scientific research
        
        Can be done in and outside the lab
        
        Observations
        
        That describe the objects or phenomena
        
        Qualitative data
        
        Expressed in words and or drawings
        
        Uses our senses - sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste
        
        Quantitative data
        
        Measurements are numerical quantities of an object or phenomenon
        
        As Science is evidence-based, data has to be collected, usually through observation. The data is analyzed for patterns or trends, which are then used to make inferences and conclusions. These inferences and conclusions may support or reject a scientific idea