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Torts - Coggle Diagram

- - - - reasonable
      - ordinary
      - prudent
  - - - direct cause: uniterrupted chain
      - indirect: force came into motion after the defendants act combined with teh neg. act (intervening force can break chain)
- - - - defamtory message that lowers a plaintiff in the community's esteem or discourages a third person from associating with im
      - publication: read by third party
      - harm to reputation
      - Types
        
        libel is the written form of defamtion
        
        slander is defamation not preserved in the permanent form, including spoken words
      - damages
        
        general
        
        pecuniary
        
        punative need additional showing of malice
      - Defenses
        
        truth
        
        privileges
        
        absolute
        
        D has burden to prove privilege
        
        qualified
        
        consent
        
        constitutional considerations
  - - - significant interference with the public health, safety, peace, comfort, or convenience
      - proscribed by statute, ordinance, or regulation
      - continuing in nature or has produced a permanent or long-lasting effect