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Muscles of the Horse - Coggle Diagram
Muscles of the Horse
Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
- occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton
- appear straited
- under voluntary control
- allows muscles to contract and release quickly - allowing movement
- provides postural support
-
Smooth (Visceral)
- located in walls of hollow visceral organs (except heart)
- appear spinal-shaped
- under involuntary control
- slower contractions
- move blood through vessels
- moves food through digestive system
-
Cardiac
- locaded in the walls of the heart
- appear striated
- under involuntary control
- quick, co-ordinated contractions to move blood around the heart
- Myogenic contraction (generated on their own)
-
Sliding Filament Theory
2. Muslce Contraction
- calcium floods into the muscle cell binding with troponin (protein)
- moves tropomyosin (protein) from the binding sites on Actin
- allows Actin and myosin to bind
- ATP binds to Myosin
- causes Myosin head to move and form a cross bridge with Actin
- Myosin pulls Actin toward the M line
- Sarcomere shorterns
3. Relaxation
- relaxation occurs when stimulation of nerve stops
- calcium is pumped back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
- link breaks between Actin and Myosin
- ATP binds to Myosin, causing Actin to be released
- Actin and Myosin return to their unbound state
- muscle is caused to relax and sarcomere lengthens
1. Muscle Activation
- motor nerve stimulation as action potential (imulses)
- pass down a neuron to neuromuscular junction
- stimulates sarvaplasmic reticulum
- calcium is released into the muscle cell
Key Words
- ATP - Adrenosine Tri Phosphate
- Myosin - Thick filament ancored to the M-line
- Actin - Thin filament ancored to the Z-line
Tendons and Ligaments
Tendons
- A fibrous cord by which muscle is attached to bone
- lateral digital extensor tendon
- common digital extensor tendon
- superficial digital flexor tendon
- deep digital flexor tendon
Ligaments
- A band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone serving to support and strengthen joints
- inferior check ligament
- suspensory ligmament
- annular ligament
- digiital sesamoidean ligaments
General / Other
Notes:
- stabalizes joints
- provents over extension
- elastic
- provents injuries
- lengthen by stretching
Collagen Fibres:
- main structural protein of tendons and ligaments
- provides strength and elasticity
Fibroblasts:
- cell in tendons and ligaments
- secretes proteins that make collagen fibres
- provides nutrients to the tendon tissue
Injury:
- pushed beyond strain capacity (Jumping)
- increase speed -> increase number of strides and the speed that stretch and recoil happens
- wet / boddy ground / soft arena surface - all increase chance of injury
- compressing and recoiling
- act as springs, stretching to allow the joint to drop - preventing from collapsing
- stretched tendons store elastic energy, pushing the horse into the next stride
- when muscles contract they pull on the tendons which pulls on the bone attached.