Deaf History (Nomeland - Community)
Chpt 8
Medical
Access
Captioning
Relay
brutal history of "fixing" Deaf persons
first hearing aids around 1800
auditory enhancement: cochlear implants around 1950s, still remain a controversy
visual/tactile alerting devices: for heavy sleepers, security, awareness
letters, written mediums acted in absence of telephones
snail mail was best communication
Deaf-blind persons have a wide range of definition
transportation, visual and environmental relay became recognized by SSP programs
movies, tv, film, introduced open-captioning
DCMP offers wide variety of entertainment mediums in various languages
National Bureau of Standards introduces closed captioning technology
In-Theater captioning available
CART (Communication Access Real-time Translation) to convert
Western Union teletypewriters (TTYs)
TTYs could expand to communicating with a person without a TTY, through an intermediary
Videophones gave way to signed communication video