Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

MaldonadoJuanLymphImmune - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Superficial Vessels: arise in the subcutaneous tissue and accompany venous flow; eventually drain into deep vessels
      - Deep Vessels: drain the deeper structures of the body, such as the internal organs; tend to accompany deep arteries
      - Drainage begins in lymph channels, which start as capillaries and turn into vessels
      - vessels empty into lymphatic trunks (also known as collecting vessels) and these eventually converge to form the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct
      - Right Lymphatic Duct: responsible for draining the lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body; includes the right side of the head and neck, the right side of the thorax and the right upper limb.
      - Thoracic Duct: much larger and drains lymph from the rest of the body; two ducts then empty into the venous circulation at the subclavian veins, via the right and left venous angles
- - - - Surface Barriers
        
        Skin: protects the body from infection, cancer, toxins, and attempts to prevent autoimmunity, in addition to being a physical barrier against the external environment.
        
        Mucous Membranes: lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs. Layers of epithelial tissues that prevents uptake of antigens via food consumption, air, etc..
        
        Ex: Acid, Enzymes, Tears, Sweat, Mucin, Breast Milk, etc.
      - Internal Defenses
        
        Phagocytes: Ingests and digests foreign particles; engulfs foreign bodies with cytoplasm into pseudopods and forming a vacuole
        
        Natural Killer Cells (NKC): Destroy tumor and/or cancer cells in the body
        
        Inflammation: Removes injurious stimuli and initiates healing process by repairing damaged tissues
        
        Anti-Microbial Proteins: abundant in the secretions of epithelia exposed to environmental microbes (e.g., in the skin, nose and bronchi, the mouth, and the surface of the eyes); Kills microorganisms and stops their growth
        
        Fever: higher temperature in the body speeds up the functioning of cells, including the ones that fight illness. They can respond to invading germs faster. Also, higher body temperatures make it harder for bacteria and viruses to thrive in the body.
  - - - Humoral Immunity
        
        B Cells: Make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction; one of two types of leukocytes (white blood cell)
        
        Memory B Cell (Lymphocyte): clones of the specific B and T cells that remain in the body, holding information about each threat the body has been exposed to! This gives our immune system memory.
      - Cellular Immunity
        
        T Cells: determine the specificity of immune response to antigens (foreign substances) in the body; one of two types of leukocytes (white blood cell)
        
        Helper T Cell: help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes; they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
        
        Cytotoxic T-cells: These lymphocytes mature in the thymus and are responsible for killing infected cells
- - - - Asthma: The response in your lungs can cause coughing, wheezing, and trouble breathing. Asthma can be triggered by common allergens like dust or pollen or by an irritant like tobacco smoke.
      - Eczema. An allergen causes an itchy rash known as atopic dermatitis.
      - Allergic rhinitis: Sneezing, a runny nose, sniffling, and swelling of your nasal passages from indoor allergens like dust and pets or outdoor allergens like pollens or molds.
  - - - Type 1 Diabetes: The immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Insulin removes sugar from the blood to use as energy.
      - Rheumatoid arthritis: causes swelling and deformities of the joints. An auto-antibody called rheumatoid factor is in the blood of some people with rheumatoid arthritis.
      - Lupus: attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin. Many types of auto-antibodies are found in the blood of people with lupus.