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Challenge 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Concrete walls which are 3-5 meters high.
      - Built at the foot of cliffs or at the top of a beach.
      - They are sometimes built in a re-curved form, this reflects the wave energy back out to sea and means the wall will last longer.
    - - -Very effective coastal defence method.
        -Provides a promenade or walkway which means it is multi-use
    - - They can look unnatural
        
        They can restrict access to the beach
        
        They are very expensive to build and maintain.
        
        They can increase erosion of the beach as the wave energy is reflected.
        
        If they are overtopped by waves, the flooding may be worse as they hold the water behind the wall often where the settlement is that they are due to be protecting.
  - - - Houses next to the coast are knocked down (or lost to the sea) and re-built further inland. New defences are added in front to protect homes from rising sea levels.
      - .
        Area in front of the new houses is allowed to become a salt marsh which will absorb wave energy.
    - - -Salt marshes are effective at absorbing wave energy.
        -Creates habitats for birds and animals – can attract tourists
        :
    - - • Land is being lost to the sea – could be a loss of farmland.
        
        • Loss of coastal communities to the sea.
        
        • Salt marshes can be easily eroded.
        
        • Sea level rise may mean that this movement alone is not sufficient.