Lymphatic/Immune System
Marysa-May Hammond
Major functions of the lymphatic and immune system
types of cells
antigens and antibodies
disorders associated with immune system
innate immune defenses and adaptive immune defenses
humoral response and cellular response
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anatomy of the lymphatic system
Lymphatic System
help's body resist any foreign diseases
returns the vascular system's leaky fluids back to the blood
Immune system
resist any foreign diseases; provides the lines of defense
the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM provides the basic structure for IMMUNE SYSTEM
Innate Defense System
Adaptive Defense System
Line 1: external body membranes
skin / mucous membranes
physical barrier and has chemicals that destroy microorganisms
acid
enzymes
muclin
mucous that lines the digestive and respiratory tract
acidity of skin; might inhibit growth (acid mantle)
found in saliva, respiratory mucous, and lacrimal fluids
Line 2: Cells and chemicals
natural killer cells
phagocytes
white blood cells that eliminate foreign invader cells
a nonphagocytic lymphocyte that protects the blood/lymph.
induces apoptosis in cancerous cells
secrete chemicals to initiate an inflammatory response
this defense system can eliminate almost any pathogen in the body
cellular immunity
humoral immunity
marks for destruction
bind temporarily to aim at certain cells
antibodies constantly circulating in body fluids
directly
indirectly
kill infected cells
release chemicals
activate lymphocytes/macrophages
lymphocytes act against target cell
phagpcytes
lympocytes
Humoral - B-cell
produce antibodies and mediates production of antigen-specific immunoglobulin
T-cells (cellular)
helper T-cells
cytotoxic T-cells
regulatory T-cells
naive T-cells
moderates the immune system
can become memory cells
can activate b cells, t cells, and macrophages
central cell in adaptive immune system
destroys cells by carrying the foreign antigens
fights off the unrecognized pathogens
can become regulatory t-cells
neutrophilis
the most abundant phagocyte
becomes phagocytic when exposed to pathogens
antigen presenting cells
dendritic cells
macrophages
B-cells
in connective tissue and epidermis, acts as mobile sentinets of boundary tissues
presents antigens to T-cells; activate the macrophage
becomes a phagocytic killer and can trigger an inflammatory response
presents antigens to helper T-cells
immunodefiencies
autoimmune diseases
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acquired conditions that impair the function of immune cells
SCID - genetic deflect with a deficit in T cells and B cells
HIV - diminishes the immune system by interfering with the Helper T cells
Arthritis - ruins the joints
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other disorders
pus - mixture of dead and alive pathogens (creates a creamy mixture)
abscess - walling a sac of plus that requires a surgically draining procedure
primary lymphoid organs
secondary lymphoid organs
Thymus
where T-cells mature
Red bone marrow
where B-cells mature
lymph nodes
spleen
removes the damaged blood cells from the body
circulates clean blood throughout the body
cleans and filters the lymph
glands that monitor the lymph
tonsils
prevent germs from entering the body (through either the nose or the mouth
mucous membranes
help protect the body from the external pathogens
antigens
antibodies
molecules that stimulate an immune response
proteins produced by B cells
respond to the exposure of antigens
Humoral
Cellular
AIDS - interferes with the activity of helper T cells
treatment require antibiotics or any anti-inflammatory drug
y-shaped antibody monomer has 4 chains (2 heavy identical (H) and 2 identical light (L)
agglutination
allows the antigen-antibody complexes to become cross-linked
immunoglobulins
proteins secreted by plasma cells
substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses
self-antigens
cells covered with protein on the surface
provokes activation of phagocytes and cytotoxic T cells
releases cytokines and chemokines to respond to antigens
when the antibodies circulate in bodily fluids and temporarily bind to the targeted cell