Lymphatic/Immune System
Marysa-May Hammond

Major functions of the lymphatic and immune system

types of cells

antigens and antibodies

disorders associated with immune system

innate immune defenses and adaptive immune defenses

humoral response and cellular response

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anatomy of the lymphatic system

Lymphatic System

help's body resist any foreign diseases

returns the vascular system's leaky fluids back to the blood

Immune system

resist any foreign diseases; provides the lines of defense

the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM provides the basic structure for IMMUNE SYSTEM

Innate Defense System

Adaptive Defense System

Line 1: external body membranes

skin / mucous membranes

physical barrier and has chemicals that destroy microorganisms

acid

enzymes

muclin

mucous that lines the digestive and respiratory tract

acidity of skin; might inhibit growth (acid mantle)

found in saliva, respiratory mucous, and lacrimal fluids

Line 2: Cells and chemicals

natural killer cells

phagocytes

white blood cells that eliminate foreign invader cells

a nonphagocytic lymphocyte that protects the blood/lymph.

induces apoptosis in cancerous cells

secrete chemicals to initiate an inflammatory response

this defense system can eliminate almost any pathogen in the body

cellular immunity

humoral immunity

marks for destruction

bind temporarily to aim at certain cells

antibodies constantly circulating in body fluids

directly

indirectly

kill infected cells

release chemicals

activate lymphocytes/macrophages

lymphocytes act against target cell

phagpcytes

lympocytes

Humoral - B-cell

produce antibodies and mediates production of antigen-specific immunoglobulin

T-cells (cellular)

helper T-cells

cytotoxic T-cells

regulatory T-cells

naive T-cells

moderates the immune system

can become memory cells

can activate b cells, t cells, and macrophages

central cell in adaptive immune system

destroys cells by carrying the foreign antigens

fights off the unrecognized pathogens

can become regulatory t-cells

neutrophilis

the most abundant phagocyte

becomes phagocytic when exposed to pathogens

antigen presenting cells

dendritic cells

macrophages

B-cells

in connective tissue and epidermis, acts as mobile sentinets of boundary tissues

presents antigens to T-cells; activate the macrophage

becomes a phagocytic killer and can trigger an inflammatory response

presents antigens to helper T-cells

immunodefiencies

autoimmune diseases

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acquired conditions that impair the function of immune cells

SCID - genetic deflect with a deficit in T cells and B cells

HIV - diminishes the immune system by interfering with the Helper T cells

Arthritis - ruins the joints

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other disorders

pus - mixture of dead and alive pathogens (creates a creamy mixture)

abscess - walling a sac of plus that requires a surgically draining procedure

primary lymphoid organs

secondary lymphoid organs

Thymus

where T-cells mature

Red bone marrow

where B-cells mature

lymph nodes

spleen

removes the damaged blood cells from the body

circulates clean blood throughout the body

cleans and filters the lymph

glands that monitor the lymph

tonsils

prevent germs from entering the body (through either the nose or the mouth

mucous membranes

help protect the body from the external pathogens

antigens

antibodies

molecules that stimulate an immune response

proteins produced by B cells

respond to the exposure of antigens

Humoral

Cellular

AIDS - interferes with the activity of helper T cells

treatment require antibiotics or any anti-inflammatory drug

y-shaped antibody monomer has 4 chains (2 heavy identical (H) and 2 identical light (L)

agglutination

allows the antigen-antibody complexes to become cross-linked

immunoglobulins

proteins secreted by plasma cells

substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses

self-antigens

cells covered with protein on the surface

provokes activation of phagocytes and cytotoxic T cells

releases cytokines and chemokines to respond to antigens

when the antibodies circulate in bodily fluids and temporarily bind to the targeted cell