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Lymphatic/Immune System Marysa-May Hammond - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System
Marysa-May Hammond
Major functions of the lymphatic and immune system
Lymphatic System
help's body resist any foreign diseases
returns the vascular system's leaky fluids back to the blood
Immune system
resist any foreign diseases; provides the lines of defense
the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM provides the basic structure for IMMUNE SYSTEM
types of cells
phagpcytes
neutrophilis
the most abundant phagocyte
becomes phagocytic when exposed to pathogens
lympocytes
Humoral - B-cell
produce antibodies and mediates production of antigen-specific immunoglobulin
T-cells (cellular)
helper T-cells
can activate b cells, t cells, and macrophages
central cell in adaptive immune system
cytotoxic T-cells
destroys cells by carrying the foreign antigens
regulatory T-cells
moderates the immune system
can become memory cells
naive T-cells
fights off the unrecognized pathogens
can become regulatory t-cells
antigen presenting cells
dendritic cells
in connective tissue and epidermis, acts as mobile sentinets of boundary tissues
macrophages
presents antigens to T-cells; activate the macrophage
becomes a phagocytic killer and can trigger an inflammatory response
B-cells
presents antigens to helper T-cells
antigens and antibodies
antigens
molecules that stimulate an immune response
substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses
self-antigens
cells covered with protein on the surface
antibodies
proteins produced by B cells
respond to the exposure of antigens
y-shaped antibody monomer has 4 chains (2 heavy identical (H) and 2 identical light (L)
agglutination
allows the antigen-antibody complexes to become cross-linked
immunoglobulins
proteins secreted by plasma cells
disorders associated with immune system
immunodefiencies
acquired conditions that impair the function of immune cells
SCID - genetic deflect with a deficit in T cells and B cells
HIV - diminishes the immune system by interfering with the Helper T cells
AIDS - interferes with the activity of helper T cells
autoimmune diseases
Arthritis - ruins the joints
treatment require antibiotics or any anti-inflammatory drug
other disorders
pus - mixture of dead and alive pathogens (creates a creamy mixture)
abscess - walling a sac of plus that requires a surgically draining procedure
innate immune defenses and adaptive immune defenses
Innate Defense System
Line 1: external body membranes
skin / mucous membranes
physical barrier and has chemicals that destroy microorganisms
acid
acidity of skin; might inhibit growth (acid mantle)
enzymes
found in saliva, respiratory mucous, and lacrimal fluids
muclin
mucous that lines the digestive and respiratory tract
Line 2: Cells and chemicals
natural killer cells
a nonphagocytic lymphocyte that protects the blood/lymph.
induces apoptosis in cancerous cells
secrete chemicals to initiate an inflammatory response
phagocytes
white blood cells that eliminate foreign invader cells
Adaptive Defense System
this defense system can eliminate almost any pathogen in the body
cellular immunity
directly
kill infected cells
indirectly
release chemicals
activate lymphocytes/macrophages
lymphocytes act against target cell
humoral immunity
marks for destruction
bind temporarily to aim at certain cells
antibodies constantly circulating in body fluids
humoral response and cellular response
Humoral
when the antibodies circulate in bodily fluids and temporarily bind to the targeted cell
Cellular
provokes activation of phagocytes and cytotoxic T cells
releases cytokines and chemokines to respond to antigens
anatomy of the lymphatic system
primary lymphoid organs
Thymus
where T-cells mature
Red bone marrow
where B-cells mature
secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes
cleans and filters the lymph
glands that monitor the lymph
spleen
removes the damaged blood cells from the body
circulates clean blood throughout the body
tonsils
prevent germs from entering the body (through either the nose or the mouth
mucous membranes
help protect the body from the external pathogens