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Body Systems Mind Map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Flat, Short, Long, Irregular
        
        Functions of Structures
        
        Flat bones protect organs
        
        Bone Diseases
        
        Arthritis- an inflammation of a joint
        
        a. Osteoarthritis- the most common form of arthritis that is do to the wearing away of cartilage over time.
        
        Osteoporosis- the thinning and weakening of bone do to the lack of calcium in the bone tissue.
        
        Short Bones provide stability and movement
        
        Long Bones support the body and facilitate moment
        
        Irregular bones protect internal organs
        
        How to take care
        
        Eat lots of vegetables
        
        Do strength training exercises
        
        Vitamin D Intake
        
        Don't drink or smoke
- - - - Structures
        
        hypothalamus. pituitary. thyroid. parathyroid.
        
        Structure Functions
        
        The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that has a vital role in controlling many bodily functions including the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
        
        Pituitary gland Despite its small size, the gland influences nearly every part of your body. The hormones it produces help regulate important functions, such as growth, blood pressure and reproduction.
        
        The thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland: It plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
        
        The parathyroid glands, which lie behind the thyroid, manufacture the parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in regulating your body's levels of the minerals calcium and phosphorus.
        
        Endocrine System Diseases
        
        Diabetes Mellitus- a disorder in which the pancreas produces too little or no insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels.
        
        Graves’ Disease- also called hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism. It is a disorder in which an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine.
        
        Cushing's Disease- overproduction of the adrenal hormones which causes a round face, humped upper back, thin & easily bruised skin, as well as fragile bones.
        
        How to take care of endocrine System
        
        Get plenty of exercise. Eat a nutritious diet. Go for regular medical checkups. Talk to the doctor before taking any supplements or herbal treatments. Let the doctor know about any family history of endocrine problems, such as diabetes or thyroid problems.
- - - - nose pharynx larynx lungs
      - Structure Functions
        
        Your nose lets you smell and it's a big part of why you are able to taste things. The nose is also the main gate to the respiratory system, your body's system for breathing.
        
        The pharynx, commonly called the throat, is a passageway that extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. It serves both the respiratory and digestive systems by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity.
        
        The larynx houses the vocal cords that open to allow breathing; close to protect the windpipe when swallowing; and vibrate to give voice. The noise made by the larynx is changed by the tongue, lips and gums to generate speech.
        
        Respiratory Diseases
        
        Bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco and air pollution.
        
        Pneumonia- inflammation of the lungs caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
        
        Asthma- an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing.
        
        How to take care of the respiratory system
        
        Tips for a healthy respiratory system don't smoke. avoid harmful environmental factors such as smoke, dusts and chemicals. exercise (check with your doctor first if you have a health condition), preferably away from busy roads with high air pollution. wash your hands regularly to prevent infections.
        
        Your lungs are part of the respiratory system, a group of organs and tissues that work together to help you breathe. The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.
- - - - Major Structures
        
        Tendon
        
        Smooth
        
        Skeletal
        
        Cardiac
        
        Functions of Structures
        
        Skeletal - voluntary muscles that control your skeleton
        
        Tendon - connects muscle to bones
        
        Smooth- involuntary muscles that produce movement in your internal organs
        
        Cardiac- involuntary muscle that forms the walls of the heart.
        
        Muscular Diseases
        
        Cramp- an intense or prolonged muscle contraction that causes pain.
        Strain - A tear in the muscle or tendon
        Tendonitis - overusing a muscle that causes a tendon to become irritated
        Hernia - the intestine bulging through a weak spot in the abdomen or groin
        Muscular dystrophy - a hereditary disease that slowly destroys muscle tissue
        
        How to Take Care
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Major Structures
        
        Heart
        
        Veins
        
        Blood
        
        Arteries
        
        Major Structure Functions
        
        Heart - Pumps blood and provides oxygen to rest of body
        
        Blood - Is the gas of the body keeps it functioning
        
        Veins - Highway for blood to be transported from body to heart
        
        Arteries - Delivers blood to body
        
        CV Diseases
        
        Heart disease - The heart is weakened or fails
        
        Heart murmur - Irregular beat can lead to heart attacks
        
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        Anemia - Lack healthy red blood cells
- - - - Structures
        
        mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
        
        Major Structures Functions
        
        Also known as the oral cavity, the mouth is the hollow cavity that allows food and air to enter the body. The mouth contains many other organs - such as the teeth, tongue, and the ducts of the salivary glands - that work together to aid in the ingestion and digestion of food
        
        The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something too large, too hot, or too cold. You may also notice it when something is wrong. You may feel pain or have trouble swallowing.
        
        The small intestine, or small bowel, is a hollow tube about 20 feet long that runs from the stomach to the beginning of the large intestine. The small intestine breaks down food from the stomach and absorbs much of the nutrients from the food.
        
        The large intestine is much broader than the small intestine and takes a much straighter path through your belly, or abdomen. The purpose of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over.
        
        Digestion System Diseases
        
        Constipation- a condition in which feces (poop) becomes dry and hard and bowel movements are difficult. Cause- lack of water and/or fiber in the diet.
        
        Nausea- the feeling of discomfort that precedes vomiting Cause- motion sickness, pathogens, medications, and dehydration
        
        Gallstones- cholesterol in bile crystallizes and blocks the bile duct between the small intestine and gallbladder creating pain in the upper portion of the abdomen, nausea, fever, and vomiting
        
        How to take care of the Digestion System
        
        Eat a high-fiber diet. ... Be sure you're getting both soluble and insoluble fiber. ... Minimize your intake of foods high in fat. ... Select lean meats. ... Add probiotics to your diet. ... Follow a regular eating schedule. ... Drink plenty of water.
- - - - Brain
      - Nervous Tissue
      - Spinal Cord
      - Nerves
      - Functions of structures
        
        Brain - Controls entire body and thoughts
        
        Spinal Cord - Sends signals from the brain to the body parts
        
        Nerves - Sends signals from the brain and spinal cord to rest of body
        
        Nervous tissue - Coordinates and controls the bodily functions
        
        Nervous System Diseases
        
        Parkinson’s disease- a degenerative disease that progressively destroys nerve cells in the area of the brain that controls skeletal muscles. No known cause/cure! -Uncontrolled tremors and extreme rigidity
        
        Multiple Sclerosis- destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells in the CNS -Causes loss of voluntary control of your muscles -Gets worse with each attack
        
        Alzheimer’s disease- destroys neurons which are crucial in transmitting impulses. No known cause/cure! -gradual mental deterioration, confusion, and memory loss
        
        Epilepsy- sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that produces mild to severe seizures. -caused by brain damage before/during childbirth -infections, head trauma, withdrawal from drugs/alcohol
        
        How to take care of Nervous System
        
        Exercise regularly. Talk to your doctor about an exercise plan that will be right for you.
        
        Do not smoke or use other tobacco products. For more information, see the topic Quitting Smoking.
        
        Get plenty of rest.
        
        Take care of health conditions that may cause decreased nervous system functioning, such as:
        
        Diabetes.
        
        High blood pressure.
        
        Eat a balanced diet. A balanced, low-fat diet with ample sources of vitamins B6, B12, and folate will help protect the nervous system. Make sure that your diet contains lots of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
        
        Drink plenty of water and other fluids. This helps prevent dehydration, which can cause confusion and memory problems.
        
        To prevent dehydration during hot weather and exercise, drink water, rehydration drinks, or other fluids each day.
        
        Drink extra water before, during, and after exercise. Take a container of water or sports drink with you when you exercise, and try to drink at least every 15 to 20 minutes.
        
        Limit your intake of caffeinated drinks, such as coffee and colas, which increase dehydration and can affect sleep.
        
        Do not use alcohol or illegal drugs, which can affect functioning long after use.
        
        Have your hearing or vision tested. When you do not hear or see well, it is hard for your brain to record information.
        
        Set priorities, and concentrate on one thing at a time. Older adults have a harder time than younger people giving their attention to more than one activity.
        
        Increase your attention span and ability to focus by learning new skills.
        
        Keep written notes. Write all your plans on a calendar where you can look at them often.
        
        Use a medicine box with spaces for each day. This will help you remember when to take your medicines. Take your medicines exactly as they are prescribed.
        
        Decrease your use of nonprescription medicines. Overuse of medicines may be the single biggest cause of nervous system problems in older adults.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Develop a positive attitude about your abilities. Reject the notion that nervous system (neurological) functioning declines with age.