Body Systems Mind Map

Skeletal System

Endocrine System

Respiratory System

Muscular System

Cardiovascular System

Digestive System

Functions -

Support - holds up your body

Protection - vital organs

Movement - functions as levers for muscles

Mineral storage - calcium and phosphorous - if you do not get enough calcium in your diet, it will be taken from your bones

Major Structures

Flat, Short, Long, Irregular

Functions of Structures

Flat bones protect organs

Short Bones provide stability and movement

Long Bones support the body and facilitate moment

Irregular bones protect internal organs

Bone Diseases

Arthritis- an inflammation of a joint

a. Osteoarthritis- the most common form of arthritis that is do to the wearing away of cartilage over time.

  1. Osteoporosis- the thinning and weakening of bone do to the lack of calcium in the bone tissue.

How to take care

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Eat lots of vegetables

Do strength training exercises

Vitamin D Intake

Don't drink or smoke

Functions

Movement
Help you breath
Aid in digestion of food

Major Structures

Tendon

Smooth

Skeletal

Cardiac

Functions of Structures

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Skeletal - voluntary muscles that control your skeleton

Tendon - connects muscle to bones

Smooth- involuntary muscles that produce movement in your internal organs

Cardiac- involuntary muscle that forms the walls of the heart.

Muscular Diseases

Cramp- an intense or prolonged muscle contraction that causes pain.
Strain - A tear in the muscle or tendon
Tendonitis - overusing a muscle that causes a tendon to become irritated
Hernia - the intestine bulging through a weak spot in the abdomen or groin
Muscular dystrophy - a hereditary disease that slowly destroys muscle tissue

How to Take Care

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Rest

Workout in moderation

Stretch

High protein diet

No alcohol or drugs or smoking

Nervous System

Functions

Controls behavior

Controls all 5 senses and how you perceive world around you

Serves internal organs

Major Structures

Brain

Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord

Nerves

Functions of structures

Brain - Controls entire body and thoughts

Spinal Cord - Sends signals from the brain to the body parts

Nerves - Sends signals from the brain and spinal cord to rest of body

Nervous tissue - Coordinates and controls the bodily functions

Nervous System Diseases

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Parkinson’s disease- a degenerative disease that progressively destroys nerve cells in the area of the brain that controls skeletal muscles. No known cause/cure! -Uncontrolled tremors and extreme rigidity

Multiple Sclerosis- destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells in the CNS -Causes loss of voluntary control of your muscles -Gets worse with each attack

Alzheimer’s disease- destroys neurons which are crucial in transmitting impulses. No known cause/cure! -gradual mental deterioration, confusion, and memory loss

Epilepsy- sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that produces mild to severe seizures. -caused by brain damage before/during childbirth -infections, head trauma, withdrawal from drugs/alcohol

How to take care of Nervous System

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Exercise regularly. Talk to your doctor about an exercise plan that will be right for you.

Do not smoke or use other tobacco products. For more information, see the topic Quitting Smoking.

Get plenty of rest.

Take care of health conditions that may cause decreased nervous system functioning, such as:

Diabetes.

High blood pressure.

Eat a balanced diet. A balanced, low-fat diet with ample sources of vitamins B6, B12, and folate will help protect the nervous system. Make sure that your diet contains lots of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Drink plenty of water and other fluids. This helps prevent dehydration, which can cause confusion and memory problems.

To prevent dehydration during hot weather and exercise, drink water, rehydration drinks, or other fluids each day.

Drink extra water before, during, and after exercise. Take a container of water or sports drink with you when you exercise, and try to drink at least every 15 to 20 minutes.

Limit your intake of caffeinated drinks, such as coffee and colas, which increase dehydration and can affect sleep.

Do not use alcohol or illegal drugs, which can affect functioning long after use.

Have your hearing or vision tested. When you do not hear or see well, it is hard for your brain to record information.

Set priorities, and concentrate on one thing at a time. Older adults have a harder time than younger people giving their attention to more than one activity.

Increase your attention span and ability to focus by learning new skills.

Keep written notes. Write all your plans on a calendar where you can look at them often.

Use a medicine box with spaces for each day. This will help you remember when to take your medicines. Take your medicines exactly as they are prescribed.

Decrease your use of nonprescription medicines. Overuse of medicines may be the single biggest cause of nervous system problems in older adults.

Develop a positive attitude about your abilities. Reject the notion that nervous system (neurological) functioning declines with age.

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Functions

The CV System provides nutrients & oxygen, carries away wastes, & helps fight disease…


Major Structures

Heart

Veins

Blood

Arteries

Major Structure Functions

Heart - Pumps blood and provides oxygen to rest of body

Blood - Is the gas of the body keeps it functioning

Veins - Highway for blood to be transported from body to heart

Arteries - Delivers blood to body

CV Diseases

Heart disease - The heart is weakened or fails

Heart murmur - Irregular beat can lead to heart attacks

Anemia - Lack healthy red blood cells

How to take care of CV

The CV System provides nutrients & oxygen, carries away wastes, & helps fight disease…


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Functions

Provides oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the body… 1. External Respiration: oxygen moves from lungs into the blood & carbon dioxide moves from blood into lungs. 2. Internal Respiration: oxygen moves from the blood into the cells & carbon dioxide moves from the cells into the blood.

Major Structures

nose pharynx larynx lungs

Structure Functions

Your nose lets you smell and it's a big part of why you are able to taste things. The nose is also the main gate to the respiratory system, your body's system for breathing.

The pharynx, commonly called the throat, is a passageway that extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. It serves both the respiratory and digestive systems by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity.

The larynx houses the vocal cords that open to allow breathing; close to protect the windpipe when swallowing; and vibrate to give voice. The noise made by the larynx is changed by the tongue, lips and gums to generate speech.

Your lungs are part of the respiratory system, a group of organs and tissues that work together to help you breathe. The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.

Respiratory Diseases

Bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco and air pollution.


Pneumonia- inflammation of the lungs caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Asthma- an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing.

How to take care of the respiratory system

Tips for a healthy respiratory system don't smoke. avoid harmful environmental factors such as smoke, dusts and chemicals. exercise (check with your doctor first if you have a health condition), preferably away from busy roads with high air pollution. wash your hands regularly to prevent infections.

Functions

Digestion and Absorption

Structures

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Major Structures Functions

Also known as the oral cavity, the mouth is the hollow cavity that allows food and air to enter the body. The mouth contains many other organs - such as the teeth, tongue, and the ducts of the salivary glands - that work together to aid in the ingestion and digestion of food

The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something too large, too hot, or too cold. You may also notice it when something is wrong. You may feel pain or have trouble swallowing.

The small intestine, or small bowel, is a hollow tube about 20 feet long that runs from the stomach to the beginning of the large intestine. The small intestine breaks down food from the stomach and absorbs much of the nutrients from the food.

The large intestine is much broader than the small intestine and takes a much straighter path through your belly, or abdomen. The purpose of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over.

Digestion System Diseases

Constipation- a condition in which feces (poop) becomes dry and hard and bowel movements are difficult. Cause- lack of water and/or fiber in the diet.

Nausea- the feeling of discomfort that precedes vomiting Cause- motion sickness, pathogens, medications, and dehydration

Gallstones- cholesterol in bile crystallizes and blocks the bile duct between the small intestine and gallbladder creating pain in the upper portion of the abdomen, nausea, fever, and vomiting

How to take care of the Digestion System

Eat a high-fiber diet. ... Be sure you're getting both soluble and insoluble fiber. ... Minimize your intake of foods high in fat. ... Select lean meats. ... Add probiotics to your diet. ... Follow a regular eating schedule. ... Drink plenty of water.

Functions

Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to cells in other parts of the body. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction.

Structures

hypothalamus. pituitary. thyroid. parathyroid.

Structure Functions

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that has a vital role in controlling many bodily functions including the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Pituitary gland Despite its small size, the gland influences nearly every part of your body. The hormones it produces help regulate important functions, such as growth, blood pressure and reproduction.

The thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland: It plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.

The parathyroid glands, which lie behind the thyroid, manufacture the parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in regulating your body's levels of the minerals calcium and phosphorus.

Endocrine System Diseases

Diabetes Mellitus- a disorder in which the pancreas produces too little or no insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels.

Graves’ Disease- also called hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism. It is a disorder in which an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine.

Cushing's Disease- overproduction of the adrenal hormones which causes a round face, humped upper back, thin & easily bruised skin, as well as fragile bones.

How to take care of endocrine System

Get plenty of exercise. Eat a nutritious diet. Go for regular medical checkups. Talk to the doctor before taking any supplements or herbal treatments. Let the doctor know about any family history of endocrine problems, such as diabetes or thyroid problems.

Links how do body systems relate?

The nervous system works with the muscular system. The nervous system instructs the muscular system how to move. The nerves inform the body what to do in whatever situation such as fight or flight.

The respiratory system works with the muscular system. The respiratory system is allowed to circulate oxygen and blood because the muscular inhales and exhales. The cooperation of these two system's allows for involuntary breathing.

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen. The respiratory inhales oxygen and the cardiovascular utilizes and filters it. They both interact in delivering fresh oxygen to the rest of the body.

The Muscular system and the endocrine system work together. During child birth the endocrine system signals the muscular system to contract. The muscular system tells the endocrine system to keep activating and keep pinging each other until the baby is born.

The bones of the skeletal system of the body protect the organs and support the weight of the body. The muscles of the muscular system allow the body to move the bones. They both work together to provide support and protection to the rest of the body.

The digestive system and the skeletal systems work together. The skeletal system relies on the nutrients obtained from the digestive system. They work together to form healthy strong bones

The Endocrine System and the Nervous System work together . They work together to coordinate the body's functions during homeostasis. They also work together to initiate and control movement.