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Enlightenment of Independence - Coggle Diagram
Enlightenment of Independence
Auditory enhancement
Subject to problems or failure. Have been removed from some individuals due to incisions not healing properly
Implant wearers are encouraged to be vaccinated to prevent meningitis
In the years since the surgery's approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1984, some 120,000 people worldwide have received the implants
Implants provide a representation of environmental sounds and may help implantees understand speech
1961: Dr. William House performed the first cochlear implant in America
Captioned movies
Since 1958, Captioned Films for the Deaf, now known as the Described and Captioned Media Program (DCMP) has captioned theatrical movies and educational movies for loan to schools and organizations
1972: Malcolm Norwood was appointed the first deaf chief of captioned films
1958: President Dwight Eisenhower signed the Captioned Films for the Deaf program into law
Open-captioned movies first began in 1949 with the advent of Captioned Films for the Deaf
DCMP offers a wide variety if videos and films in numerous genres including education, biographies, classic movies, history and sports (many captioned in Spanish)
Medical Perspectives and hearing aids
Earliest patents issued for hearing aids were granted in 1836 in England for a curved earpiece worn around the ear
Medical professionals were considered "divine beings"
1819: firm made an acoustic throne for King Goa (John) of Portugal
Hearing aids evolved from mechanical types to electrical based types
First known hearing aid manufacturing company was established in or around 1800 by Frederick C. Rein in London
Access for deaf-blind people
SSP provides information to the deaf-blind individual to assist in considering options
SSPs are not interpreters but may function like one in informal situations
Lives of many of the approximately 70,000 deaf-blind persons are facilitated by Support Service Providers
Service dogs provide a form of visual alerts for their deaf-blind owners
Study by the Department of Education estimated between 42,000 and more than 700,000, depending on how deaf-blindness was defined
Captioned television programs
First close captioning of commercial television, Masterpiece Theatre, aired for deaf viewers in Boston
"Open captions" were considered a hinderance by the general population who didn't like the visual distraction
WGBH obtained federal funding to provide captions of ABC News Tonight. 1980 the captioned ABC News was available on over 142 public television stations
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) signed by President George Bush, a decoder chip act was passed
1973: WGBH provided captioning for Nixon's Inauguration address.
Printed telephone communication
With TTY's, it was the first time that deaf persons possessed telephone numbers
TDI was incorporated to publish an annual telephone directory for nationwide use
Technicians overhauled each TTY and connected it to a modem so that TTY-to-TTY calls could be made
1974, I. Lee Brody developed the first Braille TTY for deaf-blind users
Robert Weitbrecht, invented the acoustic coupler that enabled Western Union teletypewriters (TTYs) to send messages over telephone lines
TTY relay service
Earliest known relay services was in St. Louis when Paul Taylor helped set up a message relay system with 20 families
As number of TTY owners grew, relay services were often overwhelmed with call
Communication Assistant (CA)- hearing person in possession of a TTY and a telephone
1990: the Americans with Disabilities Act's Title IV improved existing relay services and required all telephone companies to provide relay services by March 1, 2001.
TTY users were only able to communicate with TTY users. It later expanded allowing people to communicate with others without a TTY, through an intermediary
Video relay services
Video remote Interpreting (VRI): interpreter is off-site or located remotely
July 14, 2005, FCC issued unprecedented regulations to improve VRS services
Video mail (April 2004): video interpreter records the hearing caller's message via sign language and emails the video to the deaf caller
One rule stipulated a mandatory speed-of-answer requirement for VRS providers
Most VRS providers have the capability to accept messages and forward them to deaf users by sending text messages to the the users' computers or pagers