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Lymphatic System/ Immune System Orozco, Jaclyn Period 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Surface barriers are skin & mucous membranes along with their secretions
      - Physical barrier to most microorganisms
      - Keratin is resistant to work acids & bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins
      - Mucosae provide similar mechanical barriers
      - Acid - acidity skin and some mucous secretions inhibits growth; called acid mantle
      - Enzymes - lysozyme of saliva, respiratory mucus, & lacrimal fluid kills many microorganisms; enzymes in stomach kill many microorganisms
      - Mucin - sticky mucus that lines digestive & respiratory tract traps microorganisms
      - First Line of Defense - external body membranes
  - - - Prevents spread of damaging agents
      - Disposes of cell debris & pathogens
      - Alerts adaptive immune system
      - Sets the stage for repair
- - - - 2 identical heavy chains
      - 2 identical light chains
  - - - Simplest, but one of most important defensive mechanism
      - Antobodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxions
      - Prevent antigens from binding to receptors on tissue cells
      - Antigen antibody complexes undergo phagocytosis
    - - Allows for antigen antibody complexes to become cross linked into large lattice like clumps
    - - Soluble molecules are cross linked into complexes
      - Complexes precipitate out of solution
      - Precipated complexes are easier for phagocytes to engulf
    - - Main antibody defense against cellular antigens
      - When several antibodies are bound close together on same antigen, complement binding sites on their stem regions are aligned
    - - Antigen antibody complexes don´t destroy antigens; they prepare them for destruction by innate defenses
      - Antibodies go after extracellular pathogens; they don´t invade solid tissues unless lesion is present
      - Recent exception found; antibodies can act intracellularly if attached to virus before it enters cell
      - Activate mechanisms that destroy virus