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Immune System Mark Alejo Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System Mark Alejo Period 1
•Innate(natural)immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired)immune defenses
Innate (natural) defenses
First line of defense
Skin and Mucous membranes
Second line of defense
cells and chemicals
Cells:Phagocytes, Natural Killer cells, anti inflammatory response, antimicrobial proteins.
Adaptive(acquired) defenses
Humoral immunity
Use of B cells to counter antigens with antibodies and track antigens for second immune response
Cellular immunity
Use of T cells to neutralize antigens, track antigens, amplify innate immune response, and regulate immune response
Immune defenses we were born with
•Antigens and antibodies
Antibodies
Produced by Plasma cells
Placed on antigens to cease spread
Antigens
substances that can mobilize adaptive immune response and provoke immune response
Large complex molecules not normally found in the body
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic System
Cleans waste from blood using a fluid substance called lymph
Immune system
Provides resistance to disease
Protects against foreign substances
•Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral Response
B cells
Cloning of cells
Memory B cells
Track past antigen encounters for antibody preparation
Plasma Cells
Spread of antibodies
Cellular Response
T Cells functions in cellular immunity
Helper T cells
Helps the immune system by activating or strengthening other cells
Memory T cells
Helps track antigens to speed up secondary immune response
Cytotoxic T cells
Directly attack and neutralize infected cells
Regulatory T cell
Regulate immune reaction
•Cells involved in the immune system
Leukocytes(white blood cells)
Phagocytes: white blood cells that ingest and digest foreign invaders
Neutrophils: most abundant phagocyte
Macrophages: develop from monocytes and are cheif phagocytic cells
Lymphocytes
B Cells
Plasma cells
Memory B Cells
T cells
CD4
Helper T cells
Regulatory T cells
CD8
Cytotoxic T cells
Memory T cells
Natural Killer cells
•Anatomy of the lymphatic system
Organs
Spleen
MALT
Thymus
Red bone marrow
Tonsils
tissues
Peyer's Patches
Lymph nodes
•Disorders associated withthe Immune system
AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome):
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): cripples immune system interfering with activity of Helper T cells
Autoimmune diseases: results when immune system loses ability to distinguish itself from foreign
Autoimmunity: production of autoantibodies and sensitized T cells that destroy body tissues
Ex:-Rheumatoid arthritis: destroys joints, Multiple Sclerosis destroys white matter myelin
Allergies
Histamines causes vasodilation and leakiness causing runny nose, itchy hives, or watery eyes; can be local or systemic response
Immunodeficiency: congenital or acquired conditions that impair function or production of immune cells or molecules
Severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID) syndrome: genetic defect with marked deficit in B and T cells
Hodgkin's disease: causes cancer of B cells which depress lymph nodes