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EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS VAND FELIPE II - Coggle Diagram
EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS VAND FELIPE II
Felipe II
A Global Empire
Carlos V divided up the territories he inherited due to the difficulties he experienced in controlling them.
He gave Austria and the Imperial Crown to his brother Ferdinand, and his son Felipe II was given the rest of his territorial patrimony:
Castilla and his territories in the Americas.
The Crown of Aragón and his Italian territories.
The Low Countries and Franche-Comté.
In 1580, the king of Portugal died, leaving no heirs.
Felipe II also inherited this kingdom, together with
Americas
Africa
Portuguese
Asia
In 1561 he made Madrid the capital of his kingdom.
Domestic problems
All the kingdoms on the Peninsula were ruled by the same sovereign, although they maintained their own institutions and specific laws
Carlos V had left the Crown in financial ruin.
Its outgoings were higher than the income it received and Felipe II had to declare the Crown bankrupt
The policy of imposing Catholicism and discriminating against the religious minorities caused the Moriscos in Granada to revolt in 1568.
Spanish culture in the 16th century
Spanish culture was greatly influenced by the Counter-Reformation.
Spaniards were not allowed to study in other countries.
Books printed outside the Peninsula were not allowed into the country.
Literature
The most famous religious authors were mystics who wrote about their spiritual experiences
Saint teresa of Jesus
Saint Jonh of the Cross
Novels contained realistic portrayals of daily life, such as The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea
Garcilaso de la Vega was the most important poet.
Art
The most important works of art were depictions of religious themes and portraits. In the Spanish Renaissance there were two styles:
Classicist
Strove for harmony and serenity and was influenced by Italian art and Flemish painting
Mannerist
Dominated in the second half of the century. The works were expressive and had a dramatic quality.
The church and the monarchy used art to spread their ideas and values.
Architecture
In the first third of the century, the Plateresque style dominated.
In the second third of the century, buildings were constructed in a Classicist or Purist style.
Main examples:
The Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada by Pedro Machuca.
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé.
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church in Úbeda, both by Andrés de Vandelvira.
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias.
Sculputure
The most important sculptures in the Classicist style are those by the Italians Leoni Leoni and his son Pompeo Leoni
With the adoption of the style of Mannerism, the faces of the sculptures became more expressive
Main artist:
Alonso Berruguete, who produced works such as The Sacrifice of Isaac and The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian.
Juan de Juni, who produced works such as The Entombment of Christ and The Virgen of Anguish.
Paintings
The most important Spanish Renaissance paintings are those by Juan de Juanes
The Italian Titian, the main portrait artist from the Venetian school, was Carlos V's court painter,
From the middle of the century onwards, the influence of Michael Angelo was reflected in the use of elongated figures
In the last third of the century, the most important artist was El Greco
