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The format for presenting scientific data - Coggle Diagram
The format for presenting scientific data
Table
Ensure descriptive title.
Clearly label row and column headings
Units in headings only in ()
Numbers and comments should appear in table body.
Graphs
Line Graph- to show trends, e.g. change in heart rate as exercise
intensity is changed.
Bar Graph- (columns separated from each other) – to show individual categories with the same units, e.g. the number of cushion stars, per species, in a KZN rock pool.
Histogram- (unseparated columns) – to show values for related categories, e.g. rainfall in the De Hoop MPA during 2018.
Pie Charts- to show the proportional composition of various categories within a fixed total, e.g. the percentage of species diversity per Phylum in the Animal Kingdom.
Diagrams
Use a dark, sharp pencil.
Do not overlap your starting point if an enclosed structure is drawn.
Draw neat single lines (instead of sketching).
Use a ruler to draw label lines.
Colour or shading should only be used to highlight specific structure(s).
Labels should be under each other on either or both sides of the diagram.
Do not use arrows for label lines.
Provide a suitable underlined heading, above or below the drawing.
Labels should be in neat legible print.
Marine science definitions
Calibrate- ensure the readings of an instrument are accurately set to recognised standard
Hypothesis- a proposed explanation developed on the basis of limited evidence lead to further investigation; a suggested explanation or prediction of what you are about to find for an observation or a question.
Observation- the act of noticing facts or taking measurements; viewing or noting a fact or occurrence
Prediction- a statement of what you think will happen in an about-to-be-conducted experiment.
Outliers- data points that differ significantly from other observations
General terminology
Inference- deduction or conclusion based on evidence or reasoning
Tentative- not certain or fixed; provisional