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EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II - Coggle Diagram
EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
The Spanish Hadsburg Dynasty
In the 16th century, the Spanish Monarchy became the most powerful in Europe.
Carlos V, or Carlos I of Spain, reigned from 1516 to 1556.
His son Felipe II took over the throne from 1556 to 1598.
Both monarchs belonged to the Habsburg dynasty.
To retain their territorial patrimony through numerous wars
The riches obtained from the Americas were not sufficient to finance their foreign policies, so they became indebted to Italian and German bankers.
To defend Catholicism, they took measures to preserve religious unity both in their territories and the whole of Europe.
Their domestic policy continued to be discriminatory.
Outside Spain, they waged religiously motivated wars against the Protestant states.
Economic and society in the 16th century
The economy prospered due to the riches obtained from the Americas, especially silver and gold.
The port of Sevilla monopolised trade with the colonies through the Casa de Contratación.
To protect the ships from pirate attacks, Felipe II organised a fleet system
The arrival of precious metals on the Peninsula affected the Spanish Monarchy in the following ways:
The arrival of metals enriched the nobility.
The craft industry began to grow due to an increase in demand from the American territories.
It enabled the kings to finance the numerous wars they were involved in throughout Europe
As they had more resources, the monarchs were able to begin more expensive projects.
The economy continued to be based on agriculture.
Carlos V
Carlos I, Juana’s eldest son, inherited a vast patrimony.
The beginning of his reign
Carlos was born in the Flemish city of Ghent in 1500.
Castilla was experiencing an economic crisis and Carlos used the taxes collected to finance his appointment as Holy Roman Emperor.
The agermanados' were groups of humble citizens who had been allowed to arm themselves to defend their coastal cities against pirate attacks.
At the same time, the bourgeoisie and peasants rose up against the nobility in Valencia and Mallorca
The wars of Carlos V
Against the Otoman Empire
The sultan Suleiman the Magnificent began to expand his empire.
In 1529 he attacked Vienna but the city resisted.
Against the German Protestan princes
The hostilities resumed in 1552 and Carlos V signed the Peace of Augsburg in 1555.
The Emperor fought the Protestant princes in the Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547) and defeated them in Mülberg.
Against France
This kingdom was surrounded by Carlos V's territories.
Therefore, the king of France, Francis I, waged several wars against the Emperor.
