Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hernandez Linsi Period; 1 the Lymphatic/ImmuneSystem, Link Title : -…
Hernandez Linsi Period; 1 the Lymphatic/ImmuneSystem
Major functions Of Lymphatic system
It maintains body fluid and removing all fluids that leak out of our blood vessels
Transports fluids through a network of vessels
Protects body from illness
absorbing digestive fats and removing cellular waste
Major functions of the Immune system
Immune system provides resistance to disease
Recognize harmful substances from the envoirnment
Protects the body with the three immunity it has
innate, adaptive, and passive
Causes changes in the body, such as cancer cells
What are the two line defense that the immune system have?
First Line of defense
; It is consists of physical surface barriers skin and mucous membrane, along with their secretions
Skin and mucous membrane produce protective chemicals that inhibit or destroy microorganism
Surface barriers breached by nicks and cuts trigger the internal second line of defense that protects deeper tissues
Second Line of defense;
The second line of defense protects the body and is where a group of cells and organs that work together before any harm happens
What is the Innate(natural)immune defenses? and what does it do?
We are born with innate and is referred as non specific. It is the body's first line of defense against germs entering the body
it triggers a adaptive response when the infection is to large to fight on its own
It is important to invade off bacteria and viral infection that are presenting at the mucosal cell surface
What is an example of innate defense?
An example would be cough and mucus where it traps bacteria and small particles
What cells are involved in the innate immnune
The types of cells that are involved in the innate immune system are macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells.
What is the Adaptive(acquired)immune defenses? and what does it do?
It consists lymphocyte and is a specific defensive system that eliminates almost any pathogen or abnormal cell in body
It destroys invading g pathogens and any toxic molecules
It also consists two types of adaptive responses
cell mediated response
and
Humoral immune response
What type of cells are in the adaptive immune?
There are 2 population T cells called CD4&CD8 cells
CD4 cells
-Become helper T cells that activate B cells, other; T cells & macrophages; direct adaptive immune response
CD8 cells
- Become toxic T cells that are capable destroying cells harboring reign antigens
What are the Antigen-Presenting Cells?
Dendritic cells
; Found in connective tissue epidermis
Phagocytize pathogens enter tissues, then enter lymphatics to present antigens to T cells in lymph node
Macrophages;
are widely distributed in connective tissue & lymphoid organs
Present antigens to T-cells which not only activates T cell, but also further activates macrophages
B lymphocytes;
do not activate T- cells and present antigens to helper T- cells to assist their own activation
What is active and passive humoral immunity and what are the two active and passive humoral immunity?
Active humoral immunity
occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce specific antibodies against them
Two types of active humoral immunity
1.Naturally acquired
: formed in response to actual bacterial or viral infection
2.Artificially acquired
: formed in response to vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens
Passive humoral immunity
occurs when ready-made antibodies are introduced into body Two types of passive humoral immunity
1.Naturally acquired
: antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through milk
2.Artificially acquired**
: injection of serum, such as gamma globulin–Protection immediate but ends when antibodies naturally
Humoral immunity Response and cellular immunity response
Humoral immunity
response is mediated by b cells that produces circulating antibodies active against extracellular bacterial and viral infections and antigen binds together to target cell
Cellular immuinity;
mediated by t cells and directed against parasites, fungi, intracellular viruses, and foreign tissues
It is where Lymphocytes act against target cell
▪Directly killing infected cells
▪Indirectly by releasing chemicals that enhance inflammatory response; or activating other lymphocytes or macrophages
What are Antigens?
Antigens are substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response
Antigens target of all adaptive immune response and most are large, complex molecules not normally found in body
Antigenes are recognized by the immune system
What are antibodies and how are they grouped?
Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins are proteins secreted by plasma cells. They are capable of binding specifically with antigen detected by B cells
Antibodies are grouped into one of five
IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgE
What is the function of antibodies and what do they target?
Antibodies do not destroy antigens; t
hey inactivate
and take them
Defensive mechanisms used by antibodies;
Neutralization, Agglutination, Precipitation, and Complement fixation
Antibodies go after extracellular pathogens; they do not invade solid tissue unless lesion is present
Activate mechanisms that destroy virus
What type of cells does the immune system have?
The cells of the immune system are lymphocytes Tcells and B cells
T-cells effectors Helper T
(TH) cells–Play central role in adaptive immune response–
They activate both humoral and cellular arms and Help activate B cells and other T cells
Activation of B cells
▪Helper T cells interact directly with B cells displaying antigen fragments bound to MHC II receptors
Cytotoxic T(TC) cells
–Directly attack and kill other cells
activated T-cells target
Where are do B cells mature and wherever T cells made?
B cells mature in the
bone marrow
T cells are made in the
thymus
What is an example of passive immunity and artificially immunity?
An example of
passive immunity
would be where you get your mother's antibodies
An example of
artificially immunity
would be when people get the flu shot by a doctor
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Immunodeficiency:
congenital or acquired conditions that impair function or production of immune cells or molecules
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome:
genetic defect with marked deficit in B and T cells
Hodgkin’s disease
is an acquired immunodeficiency that causes cancer of B cells, which depresses lymph node cells and thus leads to immunode
Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
cripples immune system interfering with activity of helper T cells
Autoimmune disease
results when the immunity makes a mistake and attacks its own tissue or organs
Autoimmunity
: production of autoantibodies and sensitized TCcells that destroys body tissues
Hypersensitivities:
immune responses to perceived threat that cause tissue damage
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is divided into 2 parts
The secondary lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes ; Lymph nodes are glands that monitor and cleansnthe lymph as it filters through them. The nodes filter out the damage cells & cancer cells
Primary lymphoid organs
Thymus; Within the thymus lymphocytes or T cells mature
Red Bone marrow; This type of bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells that form blood cells
Link Title :