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plant geography - Coggle Diagram
plant geography
LAB BOOK
Forms
Practical classes
Hollyrood Park/Arthers seat
grassland
dry to wet conditions on a north facing slop
Wardie Bay beach
seaweed community
looking at splash zone plants then those seaweads found in the top, middle and bottom layers
Fossil practical
Carboniferous taxon
Lepidodendron
Calamites
Stigmaria
Annularia
Permian – Recent
Ginkgo huttonii
Modern plants
modern hourse tail
Petrydophyte
Asplenium scolopendrium
DIVA mapping practical :warning:
Biomes
artic
contitions
plants
mainly perennial species
plant forms
topography?
Alpine
plant forms
cushion
rosett
matt forming
hairs for trapping heat
exam
looking at global geographic distributions and plant diversity using different methods
Floristic kingdoms and regions (e.g Takhtajan's)
Fossil records
form genus
what they are/ description
how they are used today to tell us about the past?
when they first evolved
modern assosiations
the biome it evolved in
what are form genus
give examples
Rhynie 400Ma) :!?:?:
Lepidodendron?
Araucaria?
Paleozoic 570-248Ma
Carboniferous (360-286Ma)
first forests and rise of Petridophyts
Calamites
Form genus of the sphenopsid (horsetails)
Lepiodendrons
Lycopods, related to modern quillworts and allies (Isoetes) that live partially submerged as large microphylls and Heterosporous
form genus is the stem with its diamond shaped leaf scars
Lycopodiaceae
ancestor of the club mosses
first seeds
Gymnosperms
Pteridosperms (extinct seed-ferns but not ferns)
2 more items...
Silurian to Devonian 440-360Ma
first terrestrial plants
Stoneworts (charalean algae) 440Ma
Embryophytes as earliest true land plants but hard to say what they would have bee
Rhynie Cherts 396Ma (devonial)
examples of nonvascular and vascular land plants preserved through high mineral content.
start to see vascular systems with specialised tissues and segmentation/structuring of xylem nd phloem forming a standing stem.
cladoxylopsids
potential ancestor of ferns and horsetails
Cenozoic
Eocence 55-38Ma
late Ordovician (c. 440Ma)
oils formed from weathering, acid, bacterial and other biotic actions
Mesozoic 248-65Ma:
Triassic (238-213Ma
Jurassic 213-144Ma
Cretaceous 144 - 65Ma
Start of Angiosperms divesification
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
origin could have been any one of the gymnosperms groups but most likely Gnetales
Cenozoic 65Ma-present
Eocence 55-38Ma
evolution of plant group examples
think about biotic factors like pollination, coevolution, dispersal, life-cycle , competition and herbivory affect as
selective pressures
?
eg Cycads
Angiosperms
other emaples from lectures
modern plant biota Biomes (e.g. FAO Ecozones)
Ecoregions (e.g. WWF ecoregions)
:!: world wide distributions of said biomes
examples
examples of plant families and genera
Mediterranean
Temperate forests
artic-alpine?
any examples of similarities
Biomes
:!: key
morphological
and
physiological
adaptions
and characteristics in species,
biotic like predation and stand structure/competition for space
abiotic like climatic, seasonal, temperature stress and waterloss , edaphic (soil), Solar radiation
climate conditions
world wide distribution
typical environmental conditions
geographical factors
challanges plants face and adaptions
Challenges species face - environmental
biotic factors (stand structure, predation etc.)
abiotic
seasonal variation
climatte change
Plate tectonics
Global CO2 levels in relation to emergence of plants onto land
#
:!!: measuring biodiversity on a global level
Biodiversity hotspots
Rainforests?
New Zealand
How humans effect global distributions
Crops
weeds species
Native range
introduced range
time line( when it was introduced and by who)
ecology that make it sucsessfull in new range
think about
how
humans have influenced distributions
what factors produce biodiversity hotspots
:!: speciation/natural selections.have examples
Disjunction
Vicariance
: and Gondwana break up
Peripatric speciation?
The Founder Effect
Reproductive isolation, with cant disperse what this called
Endemism
/ role of isolation
convergent evolution (give examples)
dispersal barriors between islands
wk4 islands
proximity to equator/elevation?
age of landscape?
why measure biodiversity
endemic species
wk4 looking at Ascention island and St Helena and New Zealand
conservation efforts
#
wk4 island and endemic etc
The Darwin Initiative
The Darwin Initiative is a UK government grants scheme that helps to protect biodiversity and the natural environment through locally based projects worldwide