ELECTRICAL AND DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS (Paula gil y Eugenia Fernández)
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
Insulators
all materials are mada up of very small particles called atoms
between these particles,there are forces of atraction or repulsion that generate electricity
Electicity: Is a form of energy tzhat lets negatively particles (electrons) move from one atom to another
Electric current : Is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material
ELECTRICITY CIRCUITS
We can classify into 3 types
protons
neutrons
electrons
Conductors
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is a series of interconnected components that an eletric current flows through to produce an effect
Control devices : Devices that regulate the circuit,in other words,they allow or prevent the flow of electric current through the circuit
Load devices : Components that receive the electrical energy from the power sources and convert it to other types of useful energy
Conductors:Components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices
Power sources : components that supply the necesary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit
COMPONENT OF A CIRCUITS
Power sources
Cell : Supplies electrical energy to the rest of the circuit
Battery : A grouped set of cells
SHORT CIRCUITS
Load devices
Motor : Comverts electrical energy to kinetic energy
Buzzer : Comverts electrical energy to sound energy
Lamp : Comverts electrical energy to light energy
A circuit is open when the energy of the power source cannot reach the load devices
A circuit is closed when the energy of the power source reaches the load devices,so the electric currents flows
Conductors
Wire : the component that the electric current flows through
Control devices
One-way switch: One-way switches open or close the circuit when they are pressed
Push switch: Push switches open and close the circuit but only while the button is pushed
Two-way switch: Two-way swithes have two positions (changeover switches)
TYPES OF CIRCUITS
Parallel circuits: In these circuits , the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire
Series-parallel combination circuits: These circuits contain devices connected in series and in parallel
Series circuits: In these circuits,all te components are connected one after the other
COMVERT ELECTRICAL ENERGY
There are difernce types of energy
Heat : When electrons move through a conductor or load device , they create friction whith the material as they pss through
Motion : We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor
Light: We can convert electricity to ligh
Sound :We can use electrical energy to tranmit sound through microphones and we can produce sound effects through sirens
ENERGY AND THE ENVIROMENT
Enviroment impact of energy production and transmission: Which convert a form of energy to electrical energy
Responsible use of electrical energy
Use certain domestic appiliances only when they are full
Replace old electrical appliances with more efficent ones labelled "class A"
Replace incandescent bulbs with low energy bulbs
Alwais swich of electronic equipment instead of leaving them in standby mode, which continues to consume energy
Resistor : Comverts electrical energy to heat energy