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Post WorldWar 2 1945-51, Teddy Boys - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Creation of NHS
      - Austerity - Continution of Rationing and food imports
      - Commitment to Full employment
      - Nationalisation of transport and industry
      - Hosuing- build over a million homes, create new towns, and high quality council, houses
- - - - Unofficial chains of migration often only settled fellow migrants in only a few places in the UK, often the poorest parts of industrial cities.
      - Whites living there felt increasingly like a minority and the migrants living in the poorest areas of housing made them feel neglected.
    - - Tensions along with government unwillingness to take decisive action led to outbreaks of race riots in 1958
      - In the St Anns area of Nottingham, almost 1000 black and white youths fought each on 23 august 1958, a number of stabbings occurred, these were followed by riots in Notting hill, london.
      - The riot was sparked by a teddy boy gang on a white woman with a black partner. Over a period of 2 weeks the riot escalated with hundreds of young, white men armed with chains and knives, iron bars and petrol bombs attacking groups of black immigrants.
      - More than 100 white men were arrested, as well as some black.
      - The riots received widespread media coverage with Britain and internationally. The notting hill carnival was founded to inspire integration.
    - - Public opinion was shocked by the events of the riots, many saw police keeping blacks and whites aparts, and firefighters putting out petrol bombs.
      - The riots exposed the failings of local councils and inspired a re-evaluation of race relations on both sides.
      - 4000 immigrants were so angry and disillusioned with britain that they returned to the carribean.
      - Caribbean governments led a complaint to the british government about prejudiced policing and the impact of poor housing on countrymen.
      - Immigrant groups in britain became more organised, the organisation of coloured people was set up in 1958.
      - The institute of race relations in london was set up in 1958, under leadership of phillip mason.
        Riots also led to renewed calls for immigration legislation
  - - - Allowed immigrants to settle provided they had a voucher proving they had a job lined up. Also allowed the dependants of pre 1962 immigrants to join them in britain.
    - - This increased immigration as it allowed them to set up unofficial chains of migration from their own homes.
      - And fear of not being able to return to the UK if they left for home meant most migrants asked their families to come into the UK increasing migration by a lot.
- - - - he was keen to make himself and electable PM after he loat last election
    - - He was a one nation tory, he was anxious for social cohesion so that Britain was taken seriously in Foreign affairs
    - - He was shocked at the suffering of his Stockton constituents, and in 1938 he wrote a book called The middle way, in which he set out sympathy for more radical solutions.
    - - Was a leading reformer, who was the driving force between 1944 education act.
  - - - Tax cuts
      - Increased government spending
      - Easing credit
    - - Tax rises
      - Cuts in government spending
      - Squeezing credit.
  - - - Butler proposed an operation robot, where the pound would float and be determined by the market value for it.
      - However this proposal was thrown out by the cabinet. Butler later said he regretted his defeat with the operation robot as it would have saved the conservatives from the unknowing of stop-go economics.
    - - Frank cousins (leader of Transport Unions) persuaded the TUC to reject any wage constraint
      - Policy of encouraging pay deals on shop floors.
    - - In july 1961 the government tried to break stop go by limiting inflationary wage increases, it introduced a pay pause on workers in the public sector which created immediate trouble
      - Considerable public sympathy for workers such as nurses and teachers whose industrial power was weak when the government limited wage increases,
      - Credibility of pay pause damaged by powerful unions which forced pay increases beyond government guidelines.
    - - The British looked at the french who had successfully planned their economy.
      - In 1962 Macmillan set up 2 national planning agencies in an attempt to bring all sides of the industry together to agree on policies for growth without inflation.
    - - In february 1962 the government established the National economic development council. Known as NEDC or Neddy
      - It comprised of representatives from government, management and unions
      - Its tasks were to review the economic prospects of the nation, identify problems and suggest ways to promote faster economic growth without inflation.
      - Remained in existence until 1992
      - Problems
        
        TUC was lukewarm about the Nedc and participated in it only reluctantly. Fearing it might be used to implement wage restraint.
        
        Government planning was not consistent with Conservatives belief of a free market.
        
        NEDC lacked authority, adn power and its reports were damp squibs that damaged the government's credibility.
    - - In july 1962 Macmillan established the National incomes commissions NIC, which reviewed incomes in the light of national interest
      - However it lacked any power, and unions refused to participate
    - - The government also hoped to restore the regions of Britain which had suffered in the pre war slump. However these initiatives did not have enough time before the tories lost power.
    - - Macmillan wanted to join the eec to revitalise britain's economy.
      - However most british ministers thought that trade with the commonwealth was far more significant than trade with europe
      - They all agreed on an external common tariff, which required Britain to give up trade with the commonwealth.
    - - was created, it comprised of UK, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, portugal
      - This means that Britain could still trade with the commonwealth and still trade with europe.
      - Macmillan hoped this would bring Britain up to speed on their rivals reviving the economy.