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Development of Human Rights - Coggle Diagram
Development of Human Rights
What do people need
Maslow's Hierarchy
Love/Belonging (Family and Friends)
Esteem (Jobs or achievements)
Safety (Shelter)
Self-Actualization (Travelling or enjoying a hobby)
Psychological (Food and Sleep)
Law's create restraints and provide a structure for how we approach human rights; We must follow the rules for this to work
3 Main Categories
Autonomy; Can do what they want as long as laws aren't broken
Democracy; How they are governed and who governs them
Human Dignity; Person fulfill basic needs
Limitations
Some might come from a poorer country
We need to share rights with others
Types or Rights
1st Generation Rights (Most Countries have these)
Political
Freedom of Speech and association (Provide Opinion)
Right to Vote or Stand in elections
Participation
Civil Rights
Equal Legal Status (People from the country are seen equally)
Individual Liberty (Being able to move freely)
2nd Generation Rights (Some Countries have these)
Social
Health
Education
Housing
Welfare
3rd Generation Rights (Countries are still struggling)
Discrimination
Environment and people (Indigenous People)
Negative and Positive Obligations (These are directed for the state
Example of Negative
For state not to interfere with a person's life (limited )
Example of Positive
Provide medical treatment by the state e.g. Corvid Vaccine
History of Human Rights
Influencers of human right development
Aristotle
Pupil of Plato; He invented the idea of citizen rights
Cicero
He was a Orator and Lawyer; Made many great quotes about human rights of the citizens
John Locke
Known as the father of liberalism
His contribution is natural rights
Bentham
Philosopher, jurist and reformer, some consider him the founder of utilitarianism (Maximize happiness)
Historical Influence
Code of Hammurabi; made during the Babylonian era in 1754 b.c.
It is a code to regulate people's behavior. The state "an eye for an eye" came from here.
Cyrus the Great died in 529 b.c.
He abolished slavery in his country
King Asoka the Great; Focused in India, roughly died in 232 b.c.
Tolerance for education and health for his people
Farewell Sermon of Prophet Muhammad; A sermon which laid out a bill of progressive rights
Magna Carter 1215
Right to a fair trial
La Casas & Francisco; Spanish who fought for Amerindian rights
Bartolome de las Casas
Started as an Army man who fought against the natives and rewarded with an Encomienda (Land rewarded and serfs to those who serve the army)
Started becoming Pious and it changed him to the extent where he freed his serfs
He was invited to the Spanish Parliament and influenced the Charles the 1st
Charles signed the new laws which meant you could not pass the encomienda to your children
Francisco de Vitoria
Was an International Jurist
Lecture for 20 years, but did not published
Did not travel out of Spain
Significant because once he understood the treatment of the Amerindians, he became an advocate for human rights and their people
He questioned what rights did the Spanish have to take over these countries and people
The 20th Century
1st World War
Damages to land, people and economy
League of Nations was formed in an attempt to learn from the war, in practice did not work
2nd World War
Many people died and damage is more widespread, economies and people died or are damaged in larger amounts. e.g. In Britain, rationing of food continued until the 1950s
Resulted in the Creation of the UN in 1948
Universal declaration of human rights were made in 1948, 30 rights and freedom for all
Worst Century?
Rudolph Rummel argues that the 20th century is the worst one, he argues that the statistics of death could be from 200 million to 400 million
Case Study: Apartheid in South Africa
Existed between 1950-1993, a segregation between the whites and blacks
1959, Banterstands were created and people of certain background were supposed to stay there. Some people in Sharpville tried to resist and were killed by authorities
1966, Soweto more riots
Overtime, pressure came from outside and more people started to campaign against it, resulted in economic sanctions from US and UK resulting in the elimination of this
Nelson Mandela was fighting for the abolishment of this
Examples of external actions, the teacher stopped buying fruits from South Africa
Programs created for Human rights since 1948
Amnesty International 1961
Two UN Covenants 1966
Helsinki Accord 1975
Vienna Conference 1993
NGO's and other groups
Focusing on the misuse of power
e.g. Medecins sans frontier, provide free healthcare and visit places in need