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Ecology of Mass Media - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of Mass Media
Understanding Mass Media
Mass media-The form of communication in which large audiences quickly receive a given message via an impersonal medium between the sender and the receiver.
Culture the learned behavior, including knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, skills, and traditions, that is characteristic of the social environment in which an individual grows up.
Mass Media and socialization
Mass media spreaders
Mass media are transformers of culture in that new media create new environments.
theory of cultivation that views television as an agent of socialization.
Child variables include age, cognitive ability, gender, social experience, and psychological needs.
Family variables include economics, affecting what media are purchased (videos, books, CDs, games, apps, MP3s) time, including what alternative leisure activities are pursued and mediation, or how much adult supervision accompanies media exposure.
Chronosystem Influences on Mass Media
The media environment affecting children today is characterized by availability, variety of choices, proliferation of portable devices, facility of use, and affordability.
Media technology has been undergoing change over the past 100 years, from books to radio to movies to television to computer to multimedia.
Parents who own devices can preselect what children watch based on what they consider appropriate.
Technology that combines media gives viewers the ability to choose and control available programming.
Macrosystem Influences on mass Media
The FCC can award a license to broadcast when such an action is "in the public interest, convenience, or necessity," though licensing standards are unclear.
The media industry responds to public disapproval of programming or content via self-regulation
TV and radio make their profits from advertising.
The main emphasis of mass communication in the United States is on entertainment.
As long as the broadcast media in the United States are designed to attract audiences to sell products, they will convey messages that are likely to influence attitudes and behavior.
Children and Screen Media: Television and Movies (Videos, DVDs)
Television, movies, and affect on Culture.
Theories regarding how screen media influence children
Social cognitive theory-According to Bandura, media contribute to children's learning by enabling them to observe role models behave on screen.
Cultivation Theory-believe media content affects viewers' beliefs about the world and consequently alters their behavior. For example, exposure to violent media lead to a belief that aggression can resolve problems with no adverse effects.
Motivation theory-believe that the impact of media depends on how media are used and the individual abilities and characteristics of the user.
Displacement theory-according to some researchers. media used for entertainment may displace important developmental activities such as play, hobbies, games, sleep, studying, reading, physical activities, and social engagements, especially conversations with family and friends.
Screen Media and Socialization: Concerns
Watching TV and movies impacts 1) socioemotional development and relationships 2) physical development and health, 3) psychological development and behavior, 4) cognitive development and achievement, 5) moral development and values.
Socioemotional development involves establishing and maintaining relationships with others.
Physical development and health are influenced by physical activity and nutrition.
Obesity there is evidence linking heavy media consumption and obesity.
Substance use and abuse influence a young person's tobacco and/or alcohol use, such as parents, peers, and media, numerous studies have linked tobacco and alcoholic beverage ads with increased use among young people.
Psychological Development and behavior refers to the mind, including perceptions, emotions, attitudes, motives and consequent behavior.
Perception the way screen media presents information affects an individual's perception of reality.
Emotions about aggression and violence "TV, movies and other media provide a multitude of image that have the capacity to worry, frighten, or even traumatize children.
Effects of TV viewing on attitudes and movies include attributions, rules, and explanations that people gradually learn from observations of behavior.
Desensitization-the gradual reduction in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.
Attitudes about aggression and motives to behave aggressively, young children are more willing to accept the aggressive behavior of other children after viewing violent scents.
Cognitive development and achievement
advertising on the screen
Broadcast TV, diversity, and stereotyping is an oversimplified representation of members of a particular group.
Effect of screen media viewing on children reading and communication skills. There is a concern that time spent in front of the TV has been responsible for the general decline in reading levels and scores on standardized achievement tests.
Effect of TV/Video viewing on academic achievement depends on age, program content, and whether there is an adult present to coview and comment on programing
Cognitive impact of educational videos on infants and toddlers.
Screen media and sexuality has increased.
selective attention choosing stimuli from one's environment to notice, observe, and consider
Mesosystem influences on screen media
Community media linkages
Public Broadcasting service
Cable and satellite television
Recording devices
Public interest groups
School-Media Linkages
reinforces reading and lecture material
Aids in the development of a common base of knowledge among students.
Enhances student comprehension and discussion
Provides greater accommodation of diverse learning styles
increases student motivation and enthusiasm
promotes teacher effectiveness
Peer Media linkages
Family Media linkages
How books and magazines socialize children
Literacy being able to communicate through reading and writing
language and socialization
Caldecott medal award given yearly for the most distinguished picture book for children.
Language, reading, and cognitive develpment.
Psychosocial development
Role models of behavior, models of gender roles and models of occupational roles.
Values perseverance
Cope with problems folk and fairy tales are appealing to children because they explain things in terms children can relate to..
Newbery medal award given yearly for the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children.
Understand feeling seeing situations through other peoples eyes.
Print media and socialization concerns.
fantasy and reality books that reflect reality leads to controversy regarding the characters solve problems and how they are portrayed.
Violence in books helps children with their own inner struggles.
Stereotyping appears in children's books.
Children and Audio Media: Popular music
Effects of music lyrics
Contagion the phenomenon in which an individual exposed to a suggestion will act on it.
What about music videos? Some videos have been criticized for their violence, sexism, substance abuse, and sexual content
Children and Digital media: The Internet
piracy issues over illegal transfer of copyrighted material
privacy issues regarding the ability to track online usage patterns and gain access to personal data
the capacity to hack into unauthorized information
viruses and worms that can destroy data on computers.
unsolicited junk mail, or "spam"
Coping with internet information overload.
Internet communication: Social networking.
accessing areas that are inappropriate or overwhelming
being exposed to online information that promotes hate, violence, and pornography
being misled and bombarded with intense advertising
being invited to register for prizes or to join a club where they are providing personal or household information to an unknown source.
Children and multimedia: devices and games
Primary impact of this technology is its ability to give the viewer control of the TV viewing experience, for example bypassing commercials.
Hours of usage has increased to eight hours-increase coming from video games.
Texting for teens has become center of life. 4 percent of phone owning teens ages 12-17 say they have sent sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images or videos of themselves to someone else via text.
Children find electronic games appealing because of their graphics and realism, gradual, or levels of, challenge and ways of encouraging interaction.
Main concern with interactive electronic games is the prevalence of aggression, sex, and gender-role stereotyping, as well as the rule bound logic designed by the programmers.
Video games portray gender roles stereotypically and contribute to the role media play in socializing sexism.
Positive and Negative uses of video game playing on children.
Positive influences
can give practice in following directions
games provide an introduction to information technology
games provide practice in problem solving and logic
provide practice in use of fine motor and spatial skills
provide an opportunity for adult and child to platy together
Negative influences
practicing valent acts may contribute more to aggressive behavior than passive viewing of violence.
games are often based on plots of aggression, competition, and stereotyping
more often based on plots of aggression, competition, and sterotyping
games do not present opportunities for independent thought or creativity
games can confuse reality and fantasy
academic achievement may be negatively related to overall time spent playing video or computer games.