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Body Systems by Kyle Mayuga - Coggle Diagram
Body Systems by Kyle Mayuga
Skeletal System
Functions
Supports and holds up the body
Protects vital organs
Movement and functions as levers for muscles
Structures
Flat bones protect internal organs
Long bones support body weight
Short bones provide stability and movement
Joints hold the skeleton together
Care
Getting vitamin D
Consuming calcium
Doing weight bearing exercises
Safety equipment during sports
Diseases
Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine causing uneven shoulders or hips
Osteoporosis is the thinning and weakening of bone due to lack of calcium in tissue
Rickets is the softening of the bones caused by inadequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium
Muscular System
Functions
Regulates normal body temperature
Aids in digestion of food
Helps you breathe
Produces movement
Structures
Tendons are tissues that connect muscles to bones
Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that control your skeleton
Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles that produce movement in your internal organs
Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles that form the walls of the heart
Care
Feed body with carbohydrates and proteins
Stretching your muscles daily
Consistent movement for at least 30 minutes daily
Staying hydrated
Diseases
Muscular dystrophy is a hereditary disease that slowly destroys muscle tissue
Tendonitis is the overuse of a muscle that causes a tendon to become irritated, swollen, or inflamed
Hernia is the intestine bulging through a weak spot in the abdomen or groin
Nervous System
Functions
Send and receive messages from the world around you
Controls all five senses
Responds to sensory input
Structures
Brain controls how we move and physically function in the central nervous system
Spinal cord connects brain with rest of body
Nerves coordinate all parts of the body in the peripheral nervous system
Neurons receive sensory input from the outside world
Care
Getting 8-9 hours of sleep
Walking barefoot
Consuming vitamin B
Safety equipment during sports
Diseases
Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease that progressively destroys nerve cells in the area of the brain that controls skeletal muscles
Alzheimer’s disease destroys neurons which are crucial in transmitting impulses
Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder that results from damage to the brain before, during, or just after childbirth
Cardiovascular System
Functions
Provides nutrients and oxygen
Carries away wastes
Helps fight disease
Pumps blood throughout the body
Structures
Heart pumps blood throughout the body
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to all of the organs
Veins bring back all of the deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Capillaries exchange materials between the blood and tissue cells
Care
Avoid fast food
Consume enough iron
Diet low n saturated fat
Eat dark green leafy vegetables
Diseases
Stroke is a blockage of an artery that restricts blood flow to the brain
Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot properly
Leukemia is a form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced excessively and abnormally
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Respiratory System
Functions
Removes carbon dioxide from body
External and internal respiration
Provide oxygen to the blood
Structures
Lungs bring oxygen into the body when we inhale and removes carbon dioxide when we exhale
Diaphragm contracts and flattens to pull air into the lungs
Trachea serves as a passage for air and moistens it while it passes into the lungs
Nose detects odor molecules and helps filter and warm the air we inhale
Care
Flush the system with water
Don't smoke
Proper medication for infection
Stay vaccinated
Diseases
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco and air pollution
Asthma is an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing
Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs caused by a viral or bacterial infection
Digestive System
Functions
Digests food
Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates waste
Structures
Stomach stores and breaks down food
Esophagus transports saliva, liquids, and foods from the mouth to the stomach
Small intestine absorbs almost all of the nutrients you get from foods into your bloodstream
Large intestine absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over
Care
20 grams of dietary fibers
Dark green leafy vegetables
Avoid spicy food and alcohol
Drink lots of water
Diseases
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, which becomes swollen and infected do to the build up and blockage of feces or bacteria
Hemorrhoids are when veins in the rectum and anus that become swollen as a result of increased pressure which can be a result of heavy strain, constipation, pregnancy, and giving birth
Lactose intolerance happens when people are unable to digest lactose, therefore leaving it to ferment (rot) in the intestine
Endocrine System
Functions
Includes various organs and glands that work together to regulate body functions
Structures
Endocrine glands are tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Hormones are chemicals that regulate the body's functions
Pineal gland receives and conveys information about the current light-dark cycle from the environment
Thyroid gland controls metabolism, growth and development of the human body
Care
Manage stress levels
Non-genetically modified foods
Sleep well regularly
Consume enough protein
Diseases
Diabetes is a disorder in which the pancreas produces too little or no insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels
Graves’ disease is a disorder in which an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine
Cushing's disease is the overproduction of the adrenal hormones which causes a round face, humped upper back, thin & easily bruised skin, as well as fragile bones
System Interactions
NERVOUS AND MUSCULAR: The nerves in the brain are used to tell the muscles where and how to move. The nerves respond to sensory input whenever the muscles are used or moved. The brain has a back and forth processing action during every movement.
SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR: The muscular system's muscles work by attaching to bones from the skeletal system. This is done through the joints, tendons, and ligaments. The muscles pull the bones to allow for movement in the body.
DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY: Both systems work together in order to power the body. The digestive system needs oxygen in order to function properly. Once the respiratory system provides the oxygen, the digestive system can then move food through the digestive tract.
CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY: Both systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body. The arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to all of the organs. The oxygen is provided from the respiratory system.
DIGESTIVE AND ENDOCRINE: The endocrine system controls the digestive process. It also controls the release of both enzymes and hormones required for digestion. In turn, the digestive system can breakdown food and absorb nutrients into the body.