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PCR (Gene Cloning) - Coggle Diagram
PCR (Gene Cloning)
PCR - A Cyclic Reaction
- Temperature is cooled to 65°C – this allows the primers to bind (anneal) and form small sections of double-stranded DNA at each end of the sample.
- DNA polymerase can bind to these double-stranded areas.
- Short lengths (10-20 bases) of single stranded DNA, called Primers, are added.
- Temperature is increased to 72°C (optimum temperature for this DNA Polymerase*) – this extends the double-stranded section by adding free nucleotides to the single-stranded area.
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- Results in two complete double-stranded molecules.
- DNA sample is mixed with a supply of DNA nucleotides and enzyme DNA polymerase.
- Can be repeated so each time the amount of DNA doubles.
Applications of PCR
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Detecting oncogenes: identifying the type of mutation in caner patients so the medication can be personalised.
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