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Observations - Coggle Diagram
Observations
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Controlled Observations
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(+) Control Over EVs: Researcher manipulates the environment so unlikely to be confounding variables - increases internal validity
(+) Replicability: Replicable because of high control and uses standardised procedures - high external replicability
(-) Demand Characteristics and Investigator effects are more likely to confound results: controlled environment and tasks that may be affected by demand characteristics
(-) Low Ecological Validity: May not reflect how they act outside of the research setting - decreases ecological validity
Participant
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(-) Presence of the researcher can confound results: may cause participants to behave unnaturally - increases internal validity
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Non-Participant
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(+) Presence of the researcher is unlikely to confound results: participants likely to behave naturally - increases internal validity
(+) Researcher bias is unlikely to confound results: not part of group and unlikely to lose objectivity
(-) Decreased insight: Will not experience the same situation and may miss important subtleties and are likely to gather less data
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Overt
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(-) Demand Characteristics may confound results: Participants know they are being observed - decreases internal validity