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Cellular Respiration - Coggle Diagram
Cellular Respiration
Vocabulary
Proton gradient
is a difference hydrogen ion concentration across a membrane producing a concentration gradient and an electrical potential gradient. ... Cellular respiration is dependent on the existence of an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Matrix
is the material (or tissue) in between a eukaryotic organism's cells. The structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. Finger nails and toenails grow from matrices. It is found in various connective tissues.
Electron transport chain
is a cluster of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to form a gradient of protons that drives the creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Deamination
When proteins are used in the cellular respiration pathway, they are first broken down into individual amino acids. The amino group from each amino acid is removed (deaminated) and is converted into ammonia.
Beta-oxidation
is a metabolic process involving multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules are broken down to produce energy.
Feedback inhibition
ATP, for instance, is a "stop" signal: high levels mean that the cell has enough ATP and does not need to make more through cellular respiration. This is a case of feedback inhibition, in which a product "feeds back" to shut down its pathway.
The stages of cellular respiration
Pyruvate oxidation
is the next step in capturing the remaining energy in the form of \text{ATP}ATPstart text, A, T, P, end text, although no \text{ATP}ATPstart text, A, T, P, end text is made directly during pyruvate oxidation.
The citric acid or Krebs cycle :
is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or GTP by the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate directly to ADP or GDP
Oxidative phosphorylation
is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH 2 to O 2 by a series of electron carriers.
Reactants and products
Reactants
ATP
products
Glucose
Oxygen
Wast
Water
Carbon dioxide
Fermentation
Acoholic fermentation
is a complex biochemical process during which yeasts convert sugars to ethanol, carbon dioxide, and other metabolic byproducts that contribute to the chemical composition and sensorial properties of the fermented foodstuffs.
Lactate fermentation
is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.
Location
Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm, but most of the reactions occur in the mitochondria.
Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.