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Hypertension (high blood pressure) - Coggle Diagram
Hypertension
(high blood pressure)
Treatment
Lifestyle Changes
Eating a heart-healthy diet with less salt, Getting regular physical activity, Maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight if you're overweight or obese, Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink
Medications
Medications can vary with age and health conditions
Diuretics, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Calcium channel blockers, Alpha blockers, Alpha-beta blockers, Beta blockers
Clinical Manifestation
Signs & Symptoms
In most cases, hypertension has no signs or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels
Some symptoms can include headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds
Causes
Primary Hypertension
No identifiable cause and tends to develop gradually over many years
systolic pressure ranging from 130 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure ranging from 80 to 89 mm Hg
Secondary hypertension
Caused by an underlying condition, medications, and lifestyle
systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher
Condition in which the long-term force of the blood against the artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems
Diagnosis
Tests
Ambulatory monitoring blood pressure,
Urine and blood tests (including a cholesterol test), Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), and Echocardiogram
Physical Examination
Measure your blood pressure, question medical history and family medical history
Multi-system Alterations
Arteries
leads to
Damaged and narrowed arteries, and Aneurysm
Heart
leads to
Coronary artery disease, Enlarged left heart, and Heart failure
Brain
leads to
Transient ischemic attack (TIA), Stroke, Dementia, and Mild cognitive impairment
Kidneys
leads to
Kidney scarring (glomerulosclerosis) and Kidney failure
Vision
leads to
Damage the retina (retinopathy), choroidopathy, and Optic neuropathy
Reproductive organs
leads to
Sexual dysfunction