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SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY, image, image, image, image, image,…
SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY
LITERATURE
The most famous religious authors were mystics
They wrote about their spiritual experiences
Such as
Teresa of Jesus
Saint John of the Cross
Novels contained realistic portrayals of daily life
Examples
The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea
The author is Fernando de Rojas
Lazarillo de Tormes
unknown author
The most important poet
Garcilaso de la Vega
ART
The church and the monarchy used art to spread their ideas and values
The most important works of art were depictions of religious themes and portraits
Two styles in the Spanish Renaissance
Classicist
strove for harmony and serenity
It was influenced by Italian art and Flemish painting
mythological themes and nudes were not portrayed
Mannerist
dominated in the second half of the century
The works were expressive and had a dramatic quality
the Counter-Reformation wished to evoke intense feelings in its followers and strengthen their religious beliefs
ARCHITECTURE
In the first third of the century, the Plateresque style dominated
characterised by ornate facades
It was similar to the work that silversmiths produced at that time
Examples
the facade of Salamanca University
San Marcos Hospital in León
Santo Domingo Cathedral
In the second third of the century, buildings were constructed in a Classicist or Purist style
reproduced the architectural characteristics of the Italian Renaissance
The amount of decoration was reduced
classical elements were accentuated such as columns and pediments
Main examples
The Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada by Pedro Machuca
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church in Úbeda, both by Andrés de Vandelvira
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias
SCULPTURE
The most important sculptures in the Classicist style
Italians Leoni Leoni
his son Pompeo Leoni
Other important works
Carlos V's and Felipe II's cenotaphs
the bronze sculptures on the altarpiece of the Basilica of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escoria
the sculpture of Carlos V and the Wrath
With the adoption of the style of Mannerism
intense feelings to reflect the dramatic situations in some of the passages of the Bible
the faces of the sculptures became more expressive
The main works done in this style were of religious imagery and were painted wooden carvings and altarpieces
The main artists
Juan de Juni
The Entombment of Christ
The Virgen of Anguish
Alonso Berruguete
The Sacrifice of Isaac
The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
INFLUENT
Spanish culture was greatly influenced by the Counter-Reformation
To prevent Protestant beliefs from spreading across the Iberian Peninsula, Felipe II impeded access to its doctrines
Spaniards were not allowed to study in other countries
Books printed outside the Peninsula were not allowed into the country
Science in Spain progressed slowly
Religion played a fundamental role in all works of art
the new ideas and discoveries made in other countries took a long time to reach the Peninsula
PAINTING
The most important Spanish Renaissance paintings
Juan de Juanes
Ecce Homo and The Last Supper
Their idealism is similar to Raphael's works
The Italian Titian
the main portrait artist from the Venetian school
Carlos V's court painter
Carlos V at the Battle of Mülberg
Isabella of Portugal
Alonso Sánchez Coello and Juan Pantoja de Cruz
They were Felipe II's portrait painters
In the last third of the century, the most important artist was el Greco
His works are characterised by
the drama and spirituality reflected on the faces of his subjects
the use of elongated figures
cool colours and dark tones
He was a Greek artist who worked in Toledo
Examples
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
The Disrobing of Christ
The Holy Trinity
