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Experimental Design - Coggle Diagram
Experimental Design
Matched Pairs Design
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(+) Participant variables are less likely to affect the results than with IGD: participants are matched on specific variables.
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(+) Participants are less likely to be affected by demand characteristics: one condition so fewer cues
(+) The same stimulus can be used for all participants: only taking part in one condition and equally as easy or hard
(+) Can be less time-consuming to conduct the study: depends on nature but all be tested at the same time - saves time and money
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How to match participants: identify key variables relevant to the study and all should be pretested for these - a matched person in the other condition.
Repeated Measure Design
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(+) Participant Variables do not confound the results: Any difference in the DV cannot be due to differences between participants (participant variables) - more likely to effect the IV - increases internal validity
(+) It is less time consuming to select all participants than for an Independent Group Design: Participants are used in all conditions so fewer participants are needed - saves time and money
(-) Demand characteristics are more likely to affect results: the participants are doing the same study and exposed to more cues in the environment
(-) The same stimulus material cannot be used for all participants: may not be equally as easy and challenging - decreases internal validity
(-) Order effects may confound the results: order effects relate to the order in which participants experience conditions - may improve or reduce performance - decreases internal validity.
Sometimes not possible because it is essential to use the same stimulus for the study to fulfil its aim or if it is a quasi experiment and both are naturally occurring.
Independent Group Design
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(+) Participants are less likely to be affected by demand characteristics: only in one condition so exposed to fewer cues - increases internal validity.
(+) The same stimulus material can be used for all participants: equally as challenging - increases internal validity
(+) It can be less time consuming to conduct the study (not always): test all participants at the same time - saves time and money.
(-) Participant Variables might confound results (overcome using allocation): DV may be influenced by characteristics because different participants in each - reduces internal validity
(-) It is more time consuming than repeated measures to gather sample: twice as many participants needed - time consuming TO GATHER SAMPLE
Order Effects: Practice Effects - perform better in the second condition because they have done it before. Fatigue - get tired so second scores decline. Boredom - stop concentrating and perform worse on second lot.
Random Allocation: used to reduce participant variables and researcher bias - names put into a hat and either the first amount are condition 1 and second condition 2 or one in each until full.
Counterbalancing: half would be randomly allocated to A and B (ABBA) - controls effect of order effects.