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Historical Background, MARXISM, Marx met Friedrich Engels in
Paris in…
Historical Background
Key Figures
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Terry Eagleton
he continues to develop his thinking and he sets himself against the dominance of the privileged class
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MARXISM
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Economic Power
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- Capitalism preys on the insecurities of customers who are urged to compete with others in the number and quality of their possessions.
- Result in commodification – an attitude of valuing things not for their utility (use value) but for their power to impress others (sign value) for their resale possibilities (exchange value).
- Conspicuous consumption – when the acquisition of things that possess sign value or exchange value becomes extreme.
- Because the economic system shapes the society, the methods of production are known as the base.
- The social, political, and ideological systems and the institutions that they generate—the values, art, legal processes—are known as the superstructure.
According to Marx, the moving force behind human history is its economic systems, for people’s lives are determined by their economic circumstances.
To explain any social or political context, any event or product, it is first necessary to understand the material and historical circumstances in which they occur.
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Art, Literature, and Ideology
The relations between the different classes in a society, classes that have come about because of the society’s modes of production
Marx himself could discourse on the poetry, fiction, and drama of more than a single culture.
Marx was aware that art and literature are an attractive and effective means of convincing the proletariat that their oppression is just and right
The Marxist critic must have not only an understanding of the subject matter and the form of a work but also some grasp of the historical context in which it was written
The critic must also be aware of the worldview of the author, who wrote not as an individual but as one who reflects the views of a group of people
All products of a culture, including literature, are the results of socioeconomic and ideological conditions
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Marxist critic will search out the inequities in social classes, then point out the injustice of that society
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Class Conflict
The class conflict will take place between the bourgeoisie, who control the means of production, and the proletariat, who supply the labor that allows the owners to make a profit.
They are two parts of a whole that struggle against each other, not just physically but also ideologically.
The dominant class, using its power to make the prevailing system seem to be the logical, natural one, entraps the proletariat into holding the sense of identity and worth that the bourgeoisie wants them to hold, one that will allow the powerful to remain in control.
The conflict is sometimes realized as a clash of management and labor, sometimes simply as friction between socioeconomic classes.
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Group 7:
Vio Ainna Nilasari (121811233031)
Merryta Putri Amelia (121811233032)
Nadia Amanina (121811233035)
Putri Ika Dewi Fortuna (121811233036)
Eko Dwi Prasetio (121811233041)
Ratih Kusuma Wardhani (121811233046)
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