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Body Systems - Coggle Diagram
Body Systems
Skeletal System
Functions: -Supports and holds up the human body
-protects vital organs
-Acts as pulleys and levers for muscles
- stores calcium and phosphorus
-produces red blood cells
Structures: Bones-
-flat (scapula- allows for shoulder rotation and movement)
-short( carpals- allow the wrist to rotate and move)
-long (femur- bears weight and stabilizes the body)
-irregular (facial- protects the brain and allows for the senses)
Diseases:
-bone tumors: can be caused by a bad healing of an injury, radiation therapy , or it can be hereditary
-osteoporosis: causes bones to thin and weaken. This causes the chance of breaking a bone to skyrocket and can be very dangerous
-rickets: make children's bones soft because of a child not getting enough vitamin D
Care
-Get a lot of vitamin D and phosphorus
-maintain a healthy weight
-get a lot of calcium so bones don't grow brittle
-Eat leafy greens
-exercise with weight bearing materials
Link
The skeletal system is linked with the nervous system. The spine protects the spinal chord and bones also protect the brain. Without the protection of the bones, the body would have trouble surviving
Muscular System
Functions:
-allows for movement
-allows for breathing (lungs)
-aids in digestion
-helps regulate body temperature
Structures
-skeletal muscles (voluntary muscles that control movement; make up 40% of body weight)
-tendons (connect bones with muscles)
-smooth muscles (muscles that are not voluntary)
-cardiac muscles (the heart; made up of 4 chambers)
Diseases:
-Muscular dystrophy- causes muscle weakness and will also cause muscle loss; gets worse with time
-fibromyalgia- causes muscular pain and fatigue of the body. It can be treated with medications and lifestyle changes
Care
-eat a diet with carbohydrates
-eat proteins after exercise
-stretch regularly
-be active for at least 30 minutes a day
Link
The muscular system is linked with the cardiovascular system. The heart is made of cardiac muscle. The heart also transports oxygen to the body cells
Nervous System
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Structures:
-spine (supports body and protects spinal chord)
-brain (controls body and sends signals for everything to work)
-neurons (receive electrical signals from the brain)
-body nerves (allows the body to feel pain)
Diseases:
-Parkinson's Disease- leads to uncontrollable shaking which worsens over time
-Epilepsy- causes seizures because of excessive brain activity
-cerebral palsy- occurs because of abnormal brain development that results in the inability to control limbs and posture normally
Care
-Always protect head
-Eat lots of leafy green vegetables
-walk bare foot
-exercise regularly
-get enough sleep
Link
The nervous system is linked with the cardiovascular system. The nervous system sends signals for the heart to beat. Neither of the systems could work without the other
Cardiovascular System
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Structures
-Arteries (carries oxygen rich blood to the bodies organs
-veins-brings back blood without any oxygen to the heart
-blood- made of plasma, water, hormones, and salts
Diseases:
-hypertension- when the blood pushes too hard against the artery walls. This is usually brought on by lifestyle choices
-anemia-when the blood doesn't have enough red blood cells
-leukemia- cancer of the blood that can cause fatigue, weight loss, bruising, and death
Care
-eat a diet that is high in iron and low in saturated fat
-exercise for 30 minutes a day in a row, cardio is best
-eat green leafy vegetables
-drink lots of water
Link
The cardiovascular system is linked to the respiratory system, The lungs take in oxygen, and then the cardiovascular sytem carries the oxygen to the body organs. The cardiovascular system also brings the blood with carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
Respiratory System
Functions
External respiration- oxygen moves from lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the lungs
-Internal respiration- oxygen moves from blood into the cells and carbon dioxide moves from the cells into the blood
Structures
-lungs (gives body oxygen and removes carbon dioxide)
-nose(air is breathed in and out from the nose)
-trachea (carries oxygen rich air to the lungs)
-mouth (where you breath the air into and out of your body)
Diseases
-asthma- when the airways become inflamed making it difficult to breath
-pneumonia - inflames air sacks in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe and gives you a cough
-bronchitis- the inflammation of the bronchial tubes that makes it difficult to breathe
Care
-refrain from smoking any substance and try not to get second hand smoke
-participate in anaerobic exercise
-drink lots of water
- get vaccinated for diseases with vaccinations
Link
The respiratory system is connected with the muscular system. Since the lungs are made of muscle, they are connected. The lungs are made of smooth muscle.
Excretory System
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Structures:
-Kidneys (responsible for removing all waste from blood. Nephrons are functional units within the kidneys)
-Bladder( stores urine)
-ureters (carry urine from the kidney to the bladder)
-urethra(transfers urine from the bladder to outside of the body)
Disease:
-cystitis- inflammation of the bladder (UTI) caused by bacteria
-kidney stones- salts in urine crystallizes into a stone that becomes stuck
-kidney failure- when the kidneys fail
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Digestive System
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Structures:
-salutatory glands(first step of digestion, begins to break down food)
-stomach (converts food into chyme)
-pancreas (regulates blood sugar levels by producing insulin)
-rectum (waste exits the body from the rectum)
Diseases:
-Appendicitis- when the appendix becomes inflamed and infected
-Hemorrhoids- veins that are swollen located in the rectum or anus, causing pain and bleeding)
-Gallstones- hardened digestive fluid in the gallbladder
Care:
-eat a diet with fiber
-drink plenty of water
-eat dark green veggies
-don't drink alcohol and then take aspirin to avoid stomach ulcers
Link
The digestive system is connected with the muscular system. Without muscles, the digestive system wouldn't work. The muscles aid in digestion.
Endocrine System
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Structures:
-Pineal(produces melanin)
-Pituitary (produces important hormones like growth hormones)
-Thyroid(plays a role in metabolism and sends hormones into blood)
-Ovary (estrogen and proesterone are made in here)
Diseases
Graves' disease- the thyroid over produces hormones, causing heart problems)
Cushing disease-when the hormone costial is overproduced
Goiter- a result of a inflamed thyroid gland
Care
-go to the doctor for checkups to make sure everything is okay
-drink lots of water
Link
The endocrine system is linked to the respiratory system. Without the oxygen that the lungs provide, none of the structures of this system would function.