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Kinds of Knowledge, Research Objective, “Knowing” can have different…

- - - - Observation
        
        Report of what
        we have observed i.e.,
        I did some stuff
        and then
        I saw some stuff.
        
        Most fundamental way of obtaining information about the world around us
        
        Is about getting information from a source
        
        Measurements taken in a laboratory.
        
        Survey among group of individuals.
        
        Time it takes for a software routine to run.
        
        Current trends in research literature.
        
        Easy to do
        
        Might not be that significant,
        but perhaps it could be
        
        If the things that we are trying to observe is really strange or exciting, or is very difficult to observe, then the observation on its own could be substantial.
        
        Mostly occurred in a new field
        where we are still do not know a lot.
        
        You want some reason for looking certain things
        
        We do not throw random chemicals and see what happens.
        
        You need some foundation about how things work so that its observation can be directed towards a certain outcome.
        
        Produces model.
      - Model
        
        An abstract way to describe
        what goes on in the world around us.
        
        Ways of describing complex interactions
        in the world around us by hiding complexities
        and allows us to understand better.
        
        Simplified version of reality
        
        Simple way of thinking: like a street map
        
        diagram of lines
        
        representing actual layout of roads.
        
        representing pathways and relationships between places.
        
        can understand reality without
        actually engage with the reality itself.
        
        Some information are hidden
        to emphasize only important part
        
        condition of the road.
        
        height of trees next to the road.
        
        A little more complex: Math equation
        
        Newton Second's law
        
        The mass will experience an acceleration
        if we apply force toward it.
        
        Showing relationships between force and acceleration.
        
        Taking reality and stripping details such as
        
        Friction between mass and the table.
        
        Shape and color of the mass.
        
        Use the model to make predictions based on our understanding.
        
        Characteristics of
        a good model
        
        allows us to understand the world in a simple way
        
        Able to capture new knowledge
        
        can be written down
        
        written description
        
        a graph
        
        an equation
        
        list of events
        
        a diagram
        
        statistical relationship
        
        pictures
        
        organograms
        
        Model of how city grows and expands
        
        more difficult to define and
        cannot be described by simple equation.
        
        no matter how it is internally represented, the model is still there to describe the relationships between different things in the world and how they interact.
        
        Often, research is about building and expanding a model
        
        to understand the world around us better.
        
        able to shape and control them better.
        
        cause something to come about.
      - Recipe
        
        A way of arranging things
        or doing things,
        so that we can get
        a certain result.
        
        A reference design: I might want to arrange bits of steel in a certain way to bring about a bridge that can handle a certain load.
        
        A software algorithm: I might want to automatically read the license plate number of a motor vehicle.
        
        used when we want to bring about an effect
        
        make it possible to change the world around us.
        
        Can take many different forms
        
        Physical arrangement of a part
        
        Process
        
        Algorithm
        
        Procedure
        
        Does recipe infer ability
        
        I have a list of instruction about how to play the guitar (recipe)
        
        Yet still I cannot play the guitar (ability)
        
        Risk for making this form of knowledge
        
        Effect that you
        want to bring
        is not possible
        or not exists.
        
        Tough objective: I want to turn lead into gold
        
        I am looking for a way to improve the efficiency of some process.
        
        If there is an inefficiency, its a good problem
        
        Otherwise, I have not met my objective.
        
        Often can be solved by reformulating the research objective.
        
        It is still a good research if it is done correctly.
        
        If we follow the ability route, then we discover that we cannot improve the efficiency of that process, we fail.
        
        With the knowledge approach, we can always claim to have made new knowledge and present it as such.
  - - - By reading about the topic
      - Ask an expert
- - - - What is the best method to identify errors in a database?
    - - Reciprocating machine produces
        more vibration than turbo machine.
    - - Find the most efficient method of
        converting AC power into low voltage DC.
  - - - Further,
        if we cannot phrase
        the research objective
        this way
        
        we do not have
        research objective
        that can be met
        with logical reasoning.
        
        The rule of logical reasoning
        will form the basis of making
        your new knowledge.
        
        Also it used by other people
        to evaluate our work
- - - - The new knowledge might consists of a few different parts
      - Describe those different parts, but keep in mind that all those different parts need to combine into a single thing.