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Surgery and Anatomy - Coggle Diagram
Surgery and Anatomy
GALEN
Galen opposed to the Egyptians ideas about the brain and explained how it was in fact important to our anatomy
He wanted to learn more about the human anatomy the only way to to dissect but Galen was banned from using human subjects to had to dissect on animal subjects
Much of Galen's findings were wrong his legacy was still important as people believed is theories for over 1500 years, and hindered medicine as churches would not allow people to dissect on human bodies or for others to challenge Galen
INB NAFIS
At the time Nafis made an extremely accurate observation based on the human heart and how it worked and its connection to the lungs
His legacy was important because no one had ever made such an accurate observation on the human pulmonary circulatory system and the circulation of blood until 500 years later . Not just that but he was also the first person to prove that Galen's theories were in fact wrong
VERSALUIS
He proved that Galen was wrong by dissecting human bodies- Galen was wrong on the way the heart worked, the shape of the liver, the location of the liver etc. By 1543 Versaluis had created and established 'Tabulae sex' and 'The Fabric of the Human Body' both were extremely detailed books
His books were so detailed and important that they transformed the understanding of the human body to the point where they are still used in today (modern medicine)
PARE
He was an army surgeon who ran out of boiling oil for cauterization for wounds. So he used an old remedy of rosewater, turpentine and egg yolk to treat the soldiers. He discovered that the soldiers who hadn't been cauterized were much healthier, this eventually led him to stop cauterizing wounds and develop alternatives
Pare wrote many books that were used for 350 years in surgery, and developed surgical instruments which we still use today
HARVEY
In 1628 he proved that Galen was wrong and said that the heart was a pump and that blood flowed through the body- by veins and arteries. He also proved that blood could last up to 12 days
Hi work didn't have immediate effect but 300 years later it was vital information in the first heart transplant
SIMPSON
He discovered that chloroform could be inhaled and kept people asleep during any surgeries. This meant that surgeons could take more time to accurate operate on the patients and less people were to die of shock and pain. However surgeons become overly confident and did more deeper operations not knowing about germs and the amount of blood that would have been lost through that period of time
Some people were actually opposed to this idea of anesthetic it wasn't until Queen Victoria used it during her childbirth that it was recognized by the public, especially after her survival as well
HALSTEAD
After germ theory and the development of carbolic which dried out doctors and nursers hands and throats. Halstead discovered that surgeons end to wear protect personal equipment (PPE) to prevent germs from spreading
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