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EXPLORE THE NETWORK, Basic Requirements Of A Reliable Network, TCP/IP,…
EXPLORE THE NETWORK
Explain LANs, WANs and The Internet
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1.3.3
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The OSI reference model
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Transport
defines services to segment, transfer, and
reassemble the data
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Network
provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices
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Physical
describes the mechanical , electrical , functional and procedural means to transmit bits across physical connections
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The TCP/IP Protocol
Model
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TCP/IP MODEL
application
represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite
HTTP, DNS, DHCP, FTP
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TCP, UDP
IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, ICMPv6
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PPP, Frame Relay, Ethernet
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TCP/IP
Communication services - when sending data from a web server to a client the encapsulation would be as follows: Web server prepares the HTML page > HTTP application layer protocol sends data to the transport layer > Transport layer breaks the data into segments and identifies each > IP source address is added, creating an IP packets > The ethernet info is then added creating the ethernet frame
Communication services - when receiving data link frame form web servers, the client process and removes each protocol header in the opposite order it was added: Ethernet header is removed > IP header removed > Transport layer header removed > The HTTP information is processed and sent to the client web browser
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“Chain of interconnected computers” –Oxford Dictionary
“A number of computers connected together for the purposes of communication of processing” – Knott, Waites and Callaghan, Comp. Studies
“A network is a set of devices (nodes) connected by media links” – Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking
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A network is a group of computers and other devices (such as printers) that are connected by some type of transmission media
can be as small as two computers connected by a cable in a home office or as large as (more than two thousand) computers connected across the world via a combination of cable, phone lines, and cellular links
they might communicate through copper wires, fiber-optic cable, or radio waves as transmission media
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Network allow you to manage, or administer, resources on multiple computers from a central location
Network Hardware, Software and Setup Costs
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- A computer on the network that requests resources or services from another computer on a network.
- In some cases, a client could also act as a server. The term client may also refer to the human user of a client workstation or to client software installed on the workstation.
- A computer on the network that manages shared resources.
- Servers usually have more processing power, memory, and hard disk space than clients.
- Server run network operating software that can manage not only data, but also users, groups, security, and applications on the network.
- A personal computer (such as a desktop or laptop), which may or may not be connected to a network; most clients are workstation computers.
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- The device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media
- Thus allowing it to communicate with other computers
- The software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions.
- A computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network.
- A client, server, or other device that can communicate over a network and that is identified by a unique number, known as its network address.
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- A specialized device that allows multiple networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data.
- The part of a network to which segments and significant shared devices (such as routers, switches, and servers) connect.
- A part of a network. Usually, a segment is composed of a group of nodes that use the same communications channel for all their traffic.
- The physical layout of a computer network. Topologies vary according to the needs of the organization and available hardware and expertise.
- A format for communication between networked devices.
- The means through which data are transmitted
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Scalable network can expend
quickly to support new users
and applications without affecting
the service performance
delivered to existing user
Securing a network infrastructure include
physically securing devices that
provide network connectivity, preventing
unauthorized access to the software management
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Another way of designing a network is to use a central computer, known as a server; to facilitate communication and resource sharing between other computers on the network, which are known as clients.
A network that uses a server to enable clients to share data, data storage space, and devices is known as a client/server network.
A client/server architecture is sometimes used to refer to the design of a network in which clients rely on servers for resource sharing and processing.
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Local Area Network 
Wide Area Network
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