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CHEMISTRY 2021 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - active metal displaces less active reactive metal ions
      - metals low reactivity present as ions in solution, displaced by more reactive metal elements - gaining electron to become neutral
        
        REDOX reaction reduction and oxidation
  - - - valence electrons some are delocalised
- - - - when covalent molecular substances melt, boils only weak intermolecular forces are overcome
- - - - particles moving faster therefore will collide more frequently, particles in hot substances collide faster, therefore higher frequency of successful collisions = greater proportion
      - on average particles have more energy, increase in temperature average kinetic energy of particles increase percentage of successful collisions result in successful reactions.
      - slow moving gas particles pushed apart by repulsion of the electrons which orbit atoms (never come close enough to form chemical bonds
      - fast moving molecules are able to push through the repulsion and their electrons
  - - - some catalysts are solid provide a surface which the two reactants can meet in the correct orientation to collide allowing the products to be formed and released
      - other catalyst take part in the intial reaction and are regenerated in the final reaction
- - - - are then mobile and carry a charge
      - release H+ ions
- - - - these particles are responsible for the majority of the atoms mass + strong influence on the properties of the atom
  - - - all conduct electricity 3 semi conductors
    - - not lustrous, ductile larger range of melting and boiling points, all gases except bromine which is liquid group 17-18
    - - 7 valence shell electrons, capacity to react with metals to form salts, go down the group the melting + boiling points increase and become less reactive
    - - full valence shell- uncharged, all gases, all un-reactive and for no compounds
      - radon is NOT reactive but forms a radioactive gas
- - - - IONIC compounds - metal + non metal
        
        forces to overcome - ionic bond, non metal anions + metal cation, high melting + boiling point, generally hard, conduct electricity when dissolved in water
      - COVALENT molecular substances non metals
        
        forces to overcome covalent bond =. strong, intermolecular force = weak, generally low melting + boiling point, generally soft, typically don't conduct or poor conductors
      - METALLIC substances metals
        
        forces to overcome - strong metallic bonds electrostatic attraction between cations. high melting + boiling point, generally hard, conducts electricity - delocalised electrons
    - - to change a shape particles must be moved into a different positions force must be applied to over come attractive forces
        
        attractive forces between particles iNCREASE in strength -greater force must be applied