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Schema: Schema is the cognitive structures that help us organize knowledge…
Schema: Schema is the cognitive structures that help us organize knowledge in our memory in the form as schemas which effects how we process information as well as behavior in a setting
Bartlett (1920)
Aim: Bralettes aim was to investigate how cultural and social components can influence schema which effects memory distortion
Results: After the study as the number of reproductions increased the story started to become shorter as well as there were more changes such as hunting seal became fishing and canoes became boats which helps show the alteration of culturally unfamiliar things which was altered which what they were familiar with
Method: participants read War of the Ghost twice and then after 15 minutes were asked to recall The story
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Loftus & Palmer, 1974
Results: L & P were able to conclude that when wording a question it can have an effect on out schema which had influenced the speed estimates which shows how eyewitness can not be very reliable
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Method: In order to investigate how language effects memory two experiments were done the first experiment was a lab experiment and the participants were asked how fast the cars were going when they (bumped/ collided/ smashed/hit/ contacted) with each other? as well for group 2 was did they see broken glass
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Evaluate Two Models of One Cognitive Process: Memory is a mental process that encodes retrieves and stores information. Which goes through a series of processes including encoding, storage and retrieval. Which in totals there are two types of memory models
Multi store memory 
Consist of three memory stories Sensory memory and short term memory and long term memory Short Term Memory: which is a limited storing memory that holds information for only a short period of time Long Term Memory: Holds the most memory and is hold for a bit llong period of time sensory memory: A storage system which holds information unprocessed and soon after the stimulus it is no longer useable
Working memory model The WMM is the aspect that is able to represent memory usually being short term memory or immediate memory this memory aspect is usually used when working on complex things which in result you would have to remember a lot more and store more things it’s better than the MSM because it allows you to have one more way of processing or transferring information it’s also know as a multi component system including many things such as central executive visual special sketch pad phonological loop and episodic buffer
Central Executive: Is a controlling system that is able to monitor and coordinate other systems of the components which also transfer information to the subsystems including the phonological loop the visuospatial pad and which information is required to enter which sub system which all depends on the task that is being done
Visual Sketchpad: It’s function is to handle visual and. Special form sensory memory or long term memory
Episodic buffer: It’s a limited capacity storage system which is the interference of the other sub systems in memory
Phonological Loop:
It’s a limited capacity storage system which is the interference of the other sub systems in memory
Baddeley & Hitch, 1974, 2000
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Method: particiapnts were given the same list as for the experiment 1 and after readign the words more time was sued to wait in order for teh Long term to take effect
Results: In experiment 2 it was found that there is a recall effect by the meaning of words which shows that people recall words better in long terms by there meaning
Methods: Participants were given words some sounded the same such as cat, mat others were significantly different such as pen and cow some had similar meanings such as boat and ship and finally words that were no were near similar in sounding or meaning.
Results: in the study it was found that many of th participants were able to recall words that acoustically different than acoustically similar words this helps show Stm is addected by sounds and words depending on the person
Glanzer & Cunitz, 1966
Glazer & Cunitz, 1966: tested on that short term memory and as well as long term memory are separate storages
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