Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
raw materials to final product - Coggle Diagram
raw materials to final product
wood (good insulator)
manmade
mdf
fiber glued into sheets
chipboard
plywood
thin strips of wood glued together with hardwood on top and bottom
natural
hardwood
oak, teak, ash, mahogany, apple, ebony
not environmentally friendly
not sustainable
approx. 75 years to harvest
temperate& tropical climate
broadleaved (deciduous)
very tight grain structure -> lasts longer
softwood
environmentally friendly
approx. 25 years to harvest
sustainable
needle leaves (coniferous)
wide grain structure, nicely spread out
grow in temperate & colder climate
pine
metals
alloys
1 or more metals & other elements
ferrous- contains iron
stainless steel (iron & carbon & chromium & cobalt), steel (iron & carbon)
non ferrous
solder, brass
pure
elements
iron (ferrous), gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminum, all metals on the periodic table
textiles
natural
wool, cotton, silk, leather, ostrich, crocodile, linen
absorbs more water than manmade
manmade
nylon, rayon, polyester cotton, acrylic wool, polyester cotton (all plastics)
plastics
manmade
thermo
once heated can reshape
can go back to original shape after heat (has a memory)
polyester, polythene, polypropylene, nylon, rayon, acrylic, abs, polystyrene
thermo setting
not environmentally friendly, cannot recycled
once burnt, cannot reshape
ureaformaldahyde (bakelite) (original thermoset plastic)
natural
amber, tortoise
ceramics
clay-china-earthenware
glass
soda
heat resistant (pyrex)
properties of materials
brittle
Breaks into numerous sharp shards. Low toughness
ductility
ability of a material to be drawn or extruded into a wire or other extended shape
important when metals are extruded
toughness
ability of a material to resist the propagation of cracks
important where abrasion and cutting may take place
design context: automobile bumpers
elasticity
When material is bent (not reaching yield point) then relaxed, it reaches original position again
stiffness
resistance of an elastic body to deflection by an applied force
important for maintaining shape is an important performance
design context: aircraft wing, diving boards or panels on cars, roof beams, bicycle frames
plasticity
material deforms plastically and does not return to its original length or shape
maintains the new shape or stretches/tears/breaks
compressive strength
ability of a material to withstand ‘squashing’ forces
design context: ceramic floor tiles, concrete and bricks for buildings or anything that requires to bear weight
stress
load on a structural member divided by its cross-sectional area is called the “stress in the member”
tensile strength
ability of a material to withstand pulling (apart) forces
important in selecting materials to resist stretching
design context: ropes, elevator cables, fishing lines
strain
hardness
resistance a material offers to penetration or scratching
design context: ceramic floor tiles
Piezoelectricity
thermal expansion
degree of increase in dimensions when an object is heated
important when two dissimilar materials are joined
design context: oven doors, glass pot lids with metal rims
Shape memory
thermal conductivity
measure of how fast heat is conducted through a slab of material
conduct or be insulated against heat gain or loss
design context: pots & pans
Photochromicity
electrical resistivity
the measure of a material's ability to conduct electricity
conductor or insulator
design context: electrical plugs
Magneto-rheostatic & Electro-rheostatic
Thermoelectricity