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German Unification - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sources: Textbook Chapter 17, German Unification Slides, Crash Course: Italian and German Unification, https://www.britannica.com/event/Schleswig-Holstein-question
      - Key People
        
        Otto Von Bismarck: Used clever improvisation to ally with Austria to more quickly and easily defeat Denmark. He used Christian IX's aggression as justification for conflict as he made Prussia upholders of the 1852 protocol.
      - (Overall) Established German dominance over German-speaking territories.
      - (War #2) The Treaty of Vienna settled that Austria would administer Holstein and Prussia would administer Schleswig. This awkward arrangement left Prussia with a military corridor and communications line through Austrian-controlled Holstein and use of the port of Kiel.
        
        Victory for the Prussians
      - (War #1) Denmark was successful in fending off the Prussians. Prussian forces eventually withdrew from Schleswig after British and Russian opinions rallied in favor of the Danes.
        
        This war only when the Great Powers pressured Prussia into accepting the London Protocol of 1852.
    - - (War #2) In March 1863, however, the Danish king enacted a new constitution that incorporated Schleswig into his kingdom.. Bismarck capitalized on the wave of nationalistic support and allied with Austria to try to get Schleswig redrawn in their favor
      - (War 1, continued into War 2) In 1848, the king of Denmark declared the union of Schleswig with Denmark, and an insurrection broke out in both duchies. The Danish army occupied Schleswig. A Prussian army on behalf of the German Confederation intervened in defense of the provisional government in Holstein, which demanded autonomy.
  - - - Second Schleswig War: 1864-1866
      - 1863 - Christian IX of Denmark signs new joint constitution for Denmark and Schleswig, incorporating it into his kingdom, sparking a response from Prussia and Austria.
      - London Protocol of 1852 - accepted by Prussia - the German Confederation returned Schleswig and Holstein to Denmark. The Danish government in return undertook not to tie Schleswig more closely to Denmark than to its sister duchy of Holstein.
- - - - Sources : https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Weeks-War, Textbook Chapter 17, Crash Course: Italian and German Unification.
      - Key People: Otto Von Bismarck - Was able to draw Italy into an alliance against Austria as they wanted territories that Austria held as well, and he secured France's neutrality so they would not help Austria. His skills in international affairs made Prussian dominance over Germany much easier.
      - Prussia’s victory in the war enabled it to organize the North German Confederation.
      - Prussia became the leading German nation, as Austria and the German states who had allied with Austria had been defeated. Prussia gained control of Schleswig and Holstein.
    - - Exaggerating reports of Austria’s military preparations, Bismarck claimed Austria’s “seditious agitation” against Prussia in Schleswig-Holstein.
      - A dispute over the administration of Schleswig and Holstein, which Austria and Prussia had seized from Denmark in 1864 and had since held jointly.
- - - - Sources: Textbook Chapter 17, Crash Course: Italian and German Unification,
        https://www.britannica.com/event/Franco-German-War
      - Key People:
        
        Napoleon III was the French Emperor who foolishly declared war on Prussia trying to gain popular support for himself, but ended up being the one leading his troops to defeat.
        
        Otto von Bismarck persuaded Prince Leopold to accept the Spanish throne in June 1870, an important spark that was followed by French aggression. Bismarck infuriated the French and provoked them to war then was able to defeat them.
      - Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 completed the unification of the German states, with the exception of Austria. King William I of Prussia was proclaimed German emperor.
      - It established both the German Empire and the French Third Republic. With Napoleon III no longer in power to protect them, the Papal States were annexed by Italy, thereby completing that nation’s unification.
      - For France, a period of civil unrest followed. France had to pay an indemnity of five billion francs and cover the costs of the German occupation of France’s northern provinces until the indemnity was paid. The armistice of January 28 included a provision for the election of a French National Assembly.
    - - Napoleon III, declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870, because his military advisers told him that the French army could defeat Prussia and that such a victory would restore his declining popularity in France.
      - Bismarck saw war with France as an opportunity to bring the South German states into unity with the Prussian-led North German Confederation and build a strong German Empire.
- - - - Impact: He created a unified Germany under Prussian rule. He acted on a sense of Nationalism to grow the power of Prussia and Germany which would change Europe dramatically forever.
        
        Legacy Bismarck will always be known for his carefully manipulated balance of international affairs and rivalries. He is the man who was able to unify Germany through a strong military and sense of nationalism.
      - Positions Held
        
        Prussian Prime Minister
        
        Prussian Ambassador
        
        Chancellor of Germany
      - Origins: Bismarck was the son of a Prussian land-owning noble and his mother came from a family of successful academics and government ministers. He was born in and grew up near Schönhausen