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Non-Neoplasia - 2, image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Most common treatment includes: Bisphosphonate, given by intravenous dose and is effective for up to 6 years
- - - - Predominately affects females over 30,
        common in blacks
        
        Radiographically presents as a well-defined radiolucency to radiopacity at the area of tooth apex
      - Affects vital teeth, involves more than one quadrant
        
        Microscopically presents as a benign-fibro osseous lesion composed of fibrous connective tissue and dense sclerotic masses of bone, cementum, or both
      - There is no treatment for this condition as it remains asymptomatic and localized
    - - Confined to mandibular anterior teeth
    - - Pulp test performed for tooth vitality
  - - - The radiographs show radiopaque masses of irregular opacification
        
        Usually no bone expansion occurs
  - - - The earlier the genetic mutation, the more severe
        
        Clinically shows an enlargement of bones (maxilla/mandible), malocclusion, tipping, or displacement of teeth
        
        Surgical recontour of the bone may be necessary
      - Painless & progressive
        
        Radiographically, the abnormal bone tends to blend into normal bone, it can resemble "ground glass," and have unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies,
      - 2 types
        
        Polyostotic
        
        Involves more than one bone, bones may exhibit pain bowing, or pathological fracttures
        
        Three types
        
        Jaffe: Multiple bones involved as well as café au lait macules on skin
        
        Albright Syndrome: Most severe, typical of endocrine abnormalities such as early pueberty in females and stunting or deformity of skeletal growth
        
        Craniofacial: maxilla & adjacent bones
        
        Asymptomatic, skin lesion
        
        Seen in children, more commonly females
        
        Monostotic
        
        Equally seen in male, female, children & young adult
        
        Involves a single bone, more so the maxilla
        
        Most common- 85% of cases
- - - - This type seen primarily in children and young adults under 30 years old
      - Most commonly seen in anterior of mandible
      - Symptoms: discomfort (but normally no pain)
      - Discovered on routine radiographs
        
        Presents with unilocular or multilocular radiolucency in bone; borders are slerotic or ill defined
      - Features: Slow growing and destructive; divergence of roots of teeth adjacent to lesion
      - Two categories:
        
        Aggressive type = large, painful, destructive, and causes root absorption and cortical proliferation
        
        Nonaggressive type = small, asymptomatic, no root resorption or cortical proliferation
      - Treatment: surgical removal; may recur; sometimes inralesional corticosteroid injection
      - Identical tumor = Brown Tumor
        
        lesion of bone in patients with hyperthyroidism; in this case, the lesion is not surgically removed
      - Microscopically: many multinucleated giant cells in well-vascularized connective tissue
- - - - In young children: caused by a nutritional deficiency of vitamin D: associated disease is termed "Rickets"
    - - Treatment involves Vitamin D and dietary calcium for children and nutritional supplementation for adults
    - - In adults: related to malabsorption syndrome, drugs, liver or kidney disease, chronic use of antacids