Lymph Immune System: Kelly Pazos Per. 6
Major Functions of the Lymphatic and immune system
Lymphatic vessels
collect and carry away (one way) excess fluid from interstitial spaces and special vessels
lacteals
Transport fats to to the circulatory system
lymph nodes
compact masses of lymphatic, like tonsils, appendix,
T-cells
cause direct destruction of virus invaded cells and mutant cells
B-cells
secrete antibodies that indirectly lead to the destruction of foreign materiall
Immune system
functions as the body's defense against infections, pathogen, keeps them out attacks those that do enter the body
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
it consists of lymph vessels, ducts, nodes, and more tissues
Innate(natural)immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired)immune defenses
Humoral Response and Cellular Response
This is a network that works to collect these fluids or lymphs
2 liters of the fluid leak into the body tissues every day
Naturally acquired active immunity
Artifically acquired active immunity
Artifically acquired passive immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
involves the injection of gamma globulin containing antibodies (antiserum) and is short lived
occurs after exposure to the antigen itself
occurs through the use of of vaccines, without the person becoming ill from the disease
occurs as antibodies are passed from mother to fetus and is short lived
Humoral response
where the B-cell can become activated and a production of clones of the cells happens when its antigen receptor encounters its matching antigens
most B-cells need helper T-cells to activate
When a helper T-cell (CD4) encounters a B cell that has itself encountered on an antigen,
The helper T cell releases cytokins that activate the B cell
Some of the B cells become plasma cells producing and secreting antibodies (immunoglobins)
some of the b cells become memory B cells to respond to future encounters with the antigen
Also called Antibody-mediated immune response
Cellular Response
T cell activation requires the presence of antigen-presenting cell, such as B cell or macrophage that has already encountered the antigen
It must first encounter the macrophage displaying the antigen on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, if the antigen fits the T cell's antigen receptor, it activates
Activated T cells interact directly with the antigen-bearing cells and such cell-to-cell contact is called cellular immune response or cell mediated immunity
T cells also synthesize and secrete cytokines that enhances cellular responses to antigens
A helper T cell stimulates B cells to produce antibodies for the displayed antigen
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8) continually monitors the bodys cells, recognizing and eliminating tumor cells and virus infected cells
Memory T cells provide no delay response to any future exposure to the same antigen
Antibodies and Antigens
Antigens
Antibodies
proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, or glycolipids that can trigger an immune response
Before birth the body makes an inventory of "self proteins" and other large molecules, antigens are generally larger and more complex molecules
Can be entire pathogen or part of it, basically anything that can cause an immune response
soluble protein secreted by plasma cells, that are derived from B cells
carried by body fluids, capable of binding specifically to antigens
Five Major Types of Antibodies
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Cells involved in the immune system
White Blood Cells
Lymphocytes, such as the T-cells, B-cells, and the NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages.
Disorders associated with the Immune System
Edma
condition that interferes with the flow in lymph will result in this disorder, fluids are not returned to vascular system (accumulate tissue)
HIV
Is a virus and infection, it takes a while to feel sick and look healthy for a while
AIDS
can take years to develop, people can die from diseases that aren't dangerous to most people.