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Case 1: Embryology, image , image …

- - - - Describe the Embryonic Skin Development from week 4
        Week 4: Simple ectodermal epithelium covering the Mesenchyme
        Week 5: The skin of the embryo is covered in a Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.
        Below is a Mesenchyme
        Week 7: The skin contains a single Squamous Layer (Periderm or Epitrichium), and a Basal Layer
        Below is a Mesenchyme
        Week 12: An intermediate layer containing several cell layers is interposed between the Basal Cells and the Peridium.
        With a Mesenchyme
        During the early fetal period the epidermis is invaded by Melanoblasts, cells of the neural crest origin. .
        Dermis is derived from the Mesenchyme of the Somatopleure and the Dermatomes.
        Replacement of the Peridermal Cells continues until about week 21, thereafter the periderm normally disappears.
        
        The cells are lost to the Amniotic fluid.
        
        What is a Dermatome Map
        Dermatome
        Dermatome map is the map of the various spinal nerves and the different regions of the body the spinal nerves innervate.
        Used to test for the spinal cord lesion that may cause loss of touch or function.
- - - - Describe the development of the Nails in the Integumentary System
        Nails begin to develop at 10 weeks of gestation as thickened areas of the epidermis at the tips of the digits.
        Later, the nail fields extend to the dorsal surface and become surrounded by the nail folds.
        Cells from the proximal nail fold grow over the nail fields and form keratinised nail plate, the Primordium of the nail.
        
        Describe the development of the Mammary Glands in the Integumentary System
        The Mammary Glands begin to develop during the 6th week as thickened strips of the Ectoderm.
        Known as mammary Ridges.
        Mammary Ridges extend from the Axillary to the Inguinal Regions.
        They regress in most locations except in the Pectoral Muscles, where they proliferate.
        The down-growth of the epithelial tissue continues to proliferate into 16 to 24 solid out-buddings which give rise to the Lactiferous Ducts.
        The lactiferous ducts at first open into a small mammary pit.
        Fibrous connective tissue and fat of the mammary glands develop from the Mesenchyme.
        
        NOTE: Mammary glands have not yet fully developed at birth.
        In females, further development of the duct and gland system occurs at Puberty
        BUT functional maturity does not occur until late in pregnancy.
        
        Label the breast
- - - - What is a Mongolian Spot ?
        A Mongolian Spot refers to a macular blue-gray pigmentation of healthy infants.
        Mongolian spots are usually present at birth or appear within the first few weeks of life.
        Mongolian spots usually disappear spontaneously within 4 years but can persist for life.
        
        What are Café-Au-Lait Spots ?
        Café-Au-Lait Spots are light-tan or light-brown spots that are usually oval in shape.
        Very common
        Usually appear at birth but may develop in the first few years of a child's life.
        Café-Au-Lait Spots may be a normal type of birthmark
        BUT the presence of several spots larger than a small coin may occur in Neurofibromatosis. Type 1
        There is no known way to prevent birthmarks.
        
        What is Strawberry Naevus ?
        Strawberry Naevus is a Haemangioma which occurs in infancy, usually on the face.
        Lesions may be present at birth, or may develop in the first few weeks after birth.
        Describe the Strawberry Naevus
        The Strawberry Naevus begins as a small, flat red area.
        Usually develops into a raised dimpled (strawberry-like) lesion.
        Lesions typically grows in size as the child grows, until the age of 3/4 years, when they start to regress spontaneously.
        This process can take up to 10 years.
        What does Strawberry Naevus respond to ?
        Strawberry Naevus responds to Beta-blockers