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Chapter 26: The Futile Search for Stability, Europe Between the Wars, 1919…

- - - - French New Deal = program for workers
      - Didn't solve depression
      - First Popular Front gov. coalition of Socialists and Radicals (antimilitarism, anticlericalism, supported education)
  - - - Avoided Communist or Capitalist economic system
  - - - Civil disobedience: refused to obey British regulations
    - - Exposed to nationalism and freedom = seek reform
      - Reforms came late = want independence
      - British rule destroying traditional African culture
- - - - Bad political leader, no change in gov. structure, independent institutions, inflation, bad retirement system,
    - - Racism (anti-Semitism), nationalism, need for struggle, anticommunism, Lebensraum (living space)
      - German Workers' Party → Nazis (National Socialist German Workers' Party)
    - - Party followed Führerprinzip (single-minded party under one leader)
    - - Awarded women for bearing children
      - Women not in "inappropriate" jobs or hindered to bear children (ex: social work, nursing)
    - - Kristallnacht (Night of Shattered Glass): burnt synagogues, businesses, murdered, sent to concentration camps, emigration
  - - - Gained control of Communist Party (no Old Bolsheviks)
    - - Stakhanov cult stressed achievement and sacrifice
    - - Communists tended to favor gender equality
      - Motherhood is a patriotic duty