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Tests for ions, Cations - Flame test / add NaOH for precipitate, Anions -…
Tests for ions
Add HNO3 (Removes impurities, prevents false positive)
Add AgNo3
Cl-
White precipitate
Dilute NH3
Dissolves
Concentrated NH3
Dissolves
Br-
Cream precipitate
Dilute NH3
No change
Concentrated NH3
Dissolves
I-
Yellow precipitate
Dilute NH3
No change
Concentrated NH3
No change
Add any dilute acid (usually HCl)
Observe effervescence
Carbonates turn limewater cloudy
Add HCl
Add BaCl2 solution
Forms BaSo4 precipitate
Li+ Crimson
Na+ Yellow/Orange
K+ Lilac
Ca2+ Brick Red
Ba2+ Pale Green
Mg2+ No Colour
NH4
Fe2+ - Green precipitate
Fe3+ - Brown precipitate
Cu2+ - Blue precipitate
NH4+ - Turns damp red litmus blue
Cations - Flame test / add NaOH for precipitate
Anions