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CONSUMER & INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY - Coggle Diagram
CONSUMER & INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
OILS & FATS
OILS
plants
liquid
low melting point
high % of unsaturated FA
palm oil
FATS
high % of saturated FA
high melting point
solid
butter
animals
FATS
saturated
a single covalent bond in carbon chain
high melting point
examples of fatty acids
palmitic
lauric
stearic
unsaturated
low melting point
examples of fatty acids
oleic
linoleic
linolenic
at least 1 double bond in carbon chain
unsaturated to saturated
hydrogenation
hot oil (unsaturated) + hydrogen gas (passed into) + nickel (catalyst)
process
double bond is "opened"
hydrogen atoms is added to carbon chain
CLEANING AGENTS
soap
sodium/potassium fatty acid salts
RCOO-NA+ & RCOO-K+
example
sodium laurate
sodium palmitate
preparation
saponification
oil/fat + concentrated alkali (KOH/NaOH) ---> soap + glycerol
detergent
sodium salts of sulphonic acid
non-soap cleaning agent
example
sodium alkyl sulphate
sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate
preparation
sulphonation/sulphation
react with sulphuric acid,H2SO4
neutralisation
react with sodium hydroxide,NaOH
cleansing action
FOOD ADDITIVES
MEDICINES & COSMETICS
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
APPLICATION OF GREEN TECH & WASTE MNGMNT.
