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EUROP IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II, image, image, image, image -…
EUROP IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
THE SPANISH HABSBURG DYNASTY
THE RELIGIOUS WARS
In the 16th century, the Spanish Monarchy became the most powerful in Europe. Carlos V, or Carlos I of Spain, reigned from 1516 to 1556. His son Felipe II took over the throne from 1556 to 1598.
The two monarch belong to the Habsburg dynasty
POLITICAL OBJECTS
To retain their territorial patrimony
Through numerous wars against other kingdoms.
To defend Catholicism
They took measures to preserve religious unity both in their territories and the whole of Europe.
The domestic policy continued to be discriminatory.
Outside Spain, they waged religiously motivated wars against the Protestant states.
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE 16TH CENTURY
The economy prospered due to the riches obtained from the Americas, especially silver and gold.
The port of Sevilla monopolised trade with the colonies through the Casa de Contratación.
Population increased and and the cities grew
Fleet system
Was a system which was organised by Felipe II, this system protected ships from pirate attacks
The arrival of precious metals on the Peninsula affected the Spanish Monarchy
It enabled the kings to finance the numerous wars they were involved in throughout Europe.
The arrival of metals enriched the nobility. Therefore, the majority of the population became poorer.
The craft industry began to grow due to an increase in demand from the American territories.
The rise in prices made Spanish products more expensive and it became cheaper to buy them abroad.
The monarchs were able to begin more expensive projects. They resorted to increasing taxes.
The economy continued to be based on agriculture.
At the end of the 16th century, the Spanish economy went into decline.
This fall affected trade, sold and the number of products manufactured decreased.
The number of people who had to beg to survive increased and many joined the clergy to escape poverty.
CARLOS V
When Isabella died, her daughter Juana ascended the throne of Castilla.
Juana married Felipe I
Felipe died suddenly and Juana was declared unfit to govern due to an alleged mental illness.
After Felipes dead Juana wasn't able to rule so her father Ferdinand ruled for her, until her son was older.
Carlos I, Juana’s eldest son, inherited a vast patrimony.
THE BEGINNING OF HIS REIGN
CARLOS AND THE BEGINNING
Carlos was born in the Flemish city of Ghent in 1500.
1517 he went to Castilla.
Castilla was experiencing an economic crisis and Carlos used the taxes collected to finance his appointment as Holy Roman Emperor.
This provoked the Revolt of the Comuneros in 1520.
The king's representatives and the high nobility defeated the comuneros at the Battle of Villalar.
The most important leader were executed.
In Menorca and Valencia de bourgeoisie and peasants put against the nobility.
Revolt of the Brotherhoods (1519-1523).
The agermanados:
Were groups of humble citizens who had been allowed to arm themselves to defend their coastal cities against pirate attacks.
.THE WARS OF CARLOS V
Against France
Carlos V had all the kingdom sorrounded by his lands
the king of France, Francis I, waged several wars against the Emperor.
In the second battle the King of France made aliances.
Against the Ottoman Empire
The sultan Suleiman the Magnificent began to expand his empire.
The Ottoman Empire converted the Berber states in northern Africa into vassals.
The Christian fleet was defeated and the Ottomans maintained control of the Mediterranean Sea.
Against the German Protestant princes
The Emperor fought the Protestant princes in the Schmalkaldic War and defeated them in Mülberg.
