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Chapter 14 Soils and Mineral Nutrition, without essential elements, plants…
Chapter 14 Soils and Mineral Nutrition
Essential Elements
Criteria for Essentiality
discovered by Sachs
major/macro essential elements
micro essental elements
1) must be necessary for development for all life cycle
2) no substiutes
3) acts within the plant
non essentilal
plant grows naturally
Mineral Deficiency Diseases
Symptoms of Deficiency Diseases
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chlorosis
black chlorophyll
necrosis
dead patches of tissue
Mobile and Immobile Elements
Mobile
Cl, Mg, N,P, K, S
can be moved to younger places
Immobile
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boron, Ca, Fe
remains in place after they are put in a tissue
Causes of Deficiency Diseases
non-nativity
havesting
deficient soil
Soils and Mineral Avalability
Soil Acicity
causes
chemical nature of rock
high rainfall
vegitation
low rainfall
The Endodermis and Selective Absorption of Substances
selective permeability
molecular pumps
Cation Exchange
cations dissolve in the soil solution
root hairs respire
Mycorrhizae and the Absorption of Phosphorous
mychorrozia
symbiotic association with soil fungi
essential to most plants
Nitrogen Metabolism
Nitrogen Assimilation
actual incorporation on ammonium into organic molecules
transamination
occurs in roots
Nitrogen Reduction
requires 8 e-
reduces NO3- to the oxidation state of ammonium
Other Aspects of Prokaryotes and Nitrogen
nitrifying bacteria
oxidize ammonium to nitrite
dentrification
reduce nitrite to gaseous nitrogen
Nitrogen Fixation
conversion of N2 gas to nitrate/trite, or NH4
nitrogenase
Obtaining Nitrogen from Animals
carnivorous plants
ant-plants
mutualistic
Storage of Minerals Within plants
#
vaccules store soluble minerals
seeds cannot store
without essential elements, plants suffer
soil becomes deficient, plant sacrifices leaves
plants need minerals but it is hard to store them
