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Project 2: Education Reform - Coggle Diagram
Project 2: Education Reform
Poverty a barrier to learning : Communities in schools. (2015, June 9). Retrieved February 13, 2021, from
https://www.communitiesinschools.org/news/2015/06/poverty-barrier-learning/
Main Point
Poverty is a barrier to learning
Communities in Schools is an organization whose mission is to surround students with a community of support, empowering them to stay in school and achieve in life.
3 Direct Quotes
"Of the 700 respondents to the online poll, conducted by Communities in Schools and Public Opinion Strategies, 88 percent described poverty as a minor, moderate, or serious problem in their schools". (2nd Paragraph)
"92 percent of respondents saw student apathy, disruptive student behavior, and a lack of parental involvement as problematic, according to the poll". (2nd Paragraph)
"Poverty is a barrier to learning, according to a national poll of teachers" (1st Paragraph)
Statistics on underprivileged children in the world. (2013, November 4). Retrieved February 13, 2021, from
https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147489206/
Main Points
Children living in low-income families have a higher chance of dropping out of school.
Children living in poverty have a number of disadvantages in education
ChildFund is dedicated to making a meaningful, measurable difference in the lives of children while safeguarding the trust of our sponsors and donors.
3 Direct Quotes
"More than 1 in 5 children in the U.S are living in poverty". (2nd Bulletpoint)
"Despite being one of the most developed countries in the world, the United States has one of the highest rates of childhood poverty globally". (5th Paragraph)
"According to a report published recently by the Southern Education Foundation, the impact of poverty on education among schoolchildren living in the South is an urgent problem". (1st Paragraph)
11 facts about education and poverty in America. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2021, from
https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-education-and-poverty-america
Main Points
Children living in poverty have a higher chance to be absent or leave school in general
Millions of American children are growing up in poverty
The Do Something Organization supports communities with great campaigns such as "Jeans for Teens" and "Get The Filter Out (GTFO)" that has cleaned up 3.7 million cigarette butts to protect the planet.
3 Direct Quotes
"Drop-out rates of 16-24-year-old students who come from low income families are seven times more likely to drop out than those from families with higher incomes". (#5 Paragraph 6)
"Children that live below the poverty line are 1.3 times more likely to have developmental delays or learning disabilities than those who don't live in poverty". (#8 Paragraph 9)
"In 2011, nearly 46.2 million Americans were living in poverty". (# 3 Paragraph 4)
Staley, David J. Alternative Universities: Speculative Design for Innovation in Higher Education. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019.
3 Direct Quotes
"Like at an unconference or an Open Space gathering, teachers enter the space with ideas to teach, and they seek out students eager to learn. At the same time, students have learning needs and seek out professors whose interests match their own." ( Page 25 1st paragraph)
"Universities are poorly managed and need to be organized more like businesses in order to become efficient and cost effective". (Page 211 1st paragraph)
"By 2013, Christensen was similarly proclaiming that higher education was one of those mature industries that was ready to be upended by disruptive innovation". (Page 4 Paragraph 2)
Main Points
How can we re-envision universities?
Modern Universities suffer from a poverty of imagination.
David J. Staley has written serious and sustained work on foresight and futuring.
Berends, Mark. Challenges of Conflicting School Reforms: Effects of New American Schools in a High-Poverty District. Rand, 2002.
3 Direct Quotes
"When comparing those schools that are implementing reforms with schools that are not (the "control" schools), understanding what actually is being implemented in the comparison schools sheds important light on our understanding of the entire reform effort". (Page 143 1st Paragraph)
"Continued research is critical, then, for understanding what it takes to sustain reform efforts such as NAS and other comprehensive school reforms". (Page 143 2nd Paragraph)
"The Link between implementation and performance is likely to be important as more and more schools adopt comprehensive school reform". (Page 141 Paragraph 5)
Main Points
What factors are related to implementation of design, changes in classroom instruction, and student achievement?
Do the New American Schools (NAS) designs extend beyond changes in school organization and governance and permeate classrooms?
As a private nonprofit organization, NAS set out tohelp schools and districts significantly raise the achievement of largenumbers of students by offering whole-school designs and design-basedassistance during the implementation process.
Candid. “Time to Put Poverty Back on the Education Reform Agenda.” Philanthropy News Digest (PND), 19 May 2014, philanthropynewsdigest.org/commentary-and-opinion/time-to-put-poverty-back-on-the-education-reform-agenda.
3 Direct Quotes
"A student who is hungry or cannot see or hear adequately is likely to have problems concentrating in class". (2nd paragraph)
"What more should we be doing, and what else might we consider doing, to increase the odds that all kids, regardless of race, ethnicity, or family income, can take full advantage of all this country has to offer?" (4th paragraph)
"Nearly half of all public school students in the nation and a majority in Western and Southern states are low-income and qualify for free and reduced lunch — and an increasing percentage of those are students of color". (1st paragraph)
Main Points
Teaching needs to become the overriding focus of our education policy.
If we are to make a difference for the children who depend most on public education to thrive, we need to support a long-overdue effort to create new models of learning.
Kent McGuire is president and CEO of the Southern Education Foundation. Before joining SEF, he served as dean of the College of Education at Temple University,
“How Schools Can Best Support Children Living in Poverty: Bush Center.” How Schools Can Best Support Children Living in Poverty | Bush Center, www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/poverty/wicks-schools.html.
3 Direct Quotes
"There are no magic quick fixes for a system that both works for some kids while failing others with such maddening regularity". (2nd to last paragraph)
"Understanding and preventing chronic absenteeism is important, but that alone will not make the system work for kids in poverty. We need those kids to attend school, of course, but just getting them to show up is only the first step". (Last paragraph)
"In 2015, 49 percent of black students in Milwaukee were chronically absent. That same year, only 10 percent of black students were proficient in reading on the state assessment". (3rd paragraph)
Main Points
Chronic absenteeism and how it affects students ability to learn.
Children need to go to rigorous and supportive schools where the teachers believe in their ability to learn and succeed.
The George W. Bush Institute is a non-profit organization designed to improve America's schools and save lives through global health programs.
Murnane, Richard J. Improving the Education of Children Living in Poverty. files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ795871.pdf.
3 Direct Quotes
"Almost half - 49 percent - of children living in poverty had scores below the threshold for basic competency compared with just 21 percent of nonpoor children". (Page 162, 4th paragraph)
"Congress could improve educational accountability by amending NCLB to make test score goals attainable and to develop goals for increasing high school graduation rate requirements". (Page 166, 6th paragraph)
"On the 2005 assessment of the math skills of eighth graders, only 13 percent of children living in poverty achieved a score of proficient compared with 40 percent of children who were not poor". (Page 162, 3rd and 4th paragraph)
Main Points
The American ideal of equality of educational opportunity has
for years been more the rhetoric than reality.
Congress should amend NCLB to develop meaningful goals for high school graduation rates.
Richard J. Murnane is the Thompson Professor of Education and Society at the Harvard Graduate School of Education